Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In September 2024, all 27 EU member states reported importing 2,725 kt of jet fuel; the largest origins outside the EU were Kuwait (12%), India (10%) and the South Korea (9%), and 36% came from other EU member states, with 4% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
Kuwait321 kt (12%)India262 kt (10%)South Korea238 kt (9%)China170 kt (6%)United Kingdom123 kt (5%)United Arab Emirates98 kt (4%)Saudi Arabia81 kt (3%)United States69 kt (3%)Bahrain69 kt (3%)Egypt66 kt (2%)Other origins outside the EU151 kt (6%)Netherlands667 kt (24%)Belgium126 kt (5%)Other EU member states182 kt (7%)Origin not reported101 kt (4%)France604 kt (22%)Germany541 kt (20%)Netherlands360 kt (13%)Spain198 kt (7%)Italy197 kt (7%)Belgium179 kt (7%)Ireland139 kt (5%)Sweden102 kt (4%)Denmark90 kt (3%)Portugal85 kt (3%)Luxembourg53 kt (2%)Slovenia36 kt (1%)Cyprus32 kt (1%)Poland28 kt (1%)Czechia19 kt (<1%)Hungary18 kt (<1%)Malta17 kt (<1%)Latvia10 kt (<1%)Estonia7.0 kt (<1%)Romania4.0 kt (<1%)Austria3.7 kt (<1%)Bulgaria1.8 kt (<1%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Country it was last shipped from
- Kuwait321 kt (12%)
- India262 kt (10%)
- South Korea238 kt (9%)
- China170 kt (6%)
- United Kingdom123 kt (5%)
- United Arab Emirates98 kt (4%)
- Saudi Arabia81 kt (3%)
- United States69 kt (3%)
- Bahrain69 kt (3%)
- Egypt66 kt (2%)
- Other origins outside the EU151 kt (6%)
- Netherlands667 kt (24%)
- Belgium126 kt (5%)
- Other EU member states182 kt (7%)
- Origin not reported101 kt (4%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country last shipped from
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Germany | 451,370 | 83.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | Netherlands | 177,828 | 49.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Netherlands | 166,716 | 46.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| South Korea | France | 153,000 | 25.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Ireland | 122,793 | 88.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| China | France | 100,000 | 16.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Italy | 98,370 | 50.0% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| United Arab Emirates | France | 98,000 | 16.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | Spain | 83,931 | 42.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Spain | 80,494 | 40.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 73,900 | 41.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| China | Denmark | 70,000 | 77.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Bahrain | France | 69,000 | 11.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| South Korea | Belgium | 66,600 | 37.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Portugal | 65,883 | 77.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 59,592 | 11.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 46,026 | 45.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Sweden | 41,162 | 40.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Luxembourg | 40,876 | 77.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Kuwait | France | 40,000 | 6.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 39,194 | 19.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United States | Belgium | 36,100 | 20.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Egypt | Slovenia | 36,000 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 35,000 | 5.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Spain | 33,324 | 16.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | France | 33,000 | 5.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Egypt | Italy | 30,307 | 15.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 30,000 | 5.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 28,891 | 14.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Poland | 28,313 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 25,000 | 4.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Cyprus | 19,671 | 60.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Czechia | 19,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| South Korea | Portugal | 18,850 | 22.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Hungary | 18,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 17,829 | 3.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Saudi Arabia | Malta | 17,050 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Denmark | 13,000 | 14.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Cyprus | 12,730 | 39.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 12,293 | 2.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | France | 12,000 | 2.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Ireland | 11,829 | 8.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 11,229 | 3.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Sweden | 9,733 | 9.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Luxembourg | 9,337 | 17.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Denmark | 7,000 | 7.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Estonia | 7,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | France | 6,000 | 1.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Latvia | 5,296 | 52.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Sweden | 5,250 | 5.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Latvia | 4,732 | 47.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Netherlands | 4,220 | 1.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Romania | 4,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Ireland | 3,963 | 2.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Austria | 3,657 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Origin not reported | France | 3,000 | 0.5% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Netherlands | Luxembourg | 2,856 | 5.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Belgium | 2,800 | 1.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Bulgaria | 1,779 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Sweden | 220 | 0.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-09 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2024-09 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined.
Left: the country the jet fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2024-09, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2024-09 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Croatia, Finland, Greece, Lithuania, Slovakia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): for refined products, the country the fuel was last shipped from, as each EU member state reports it; it may be a trading hub rather than where the fuel was refined. The customs basis is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states may be fuel refined there or fuel only shipped on from elsewhere; they are grouped separately.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.