Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In November 2024, all 27 EU member states reported importing 2,466 kt of jet fuel; the largest origins outside the EU were Kuwait (22%), India (15%) and Saudi Arabia (8%), and 30% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
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Country it was last shipped from
- Colour = importing country:
- Netherlands
- Germany
- France
- Belgium
- Italy
- Other EU (16)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country last shipped from
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Germany | 377,202 | 80.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (23) | Other EU (16) | 246,312 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kuwait | France | 194,000 | 42.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Netherlands | 188,342 | 39.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | France | 159,000 | 35.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | Other EU (16) | 141,765 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 104,272 | 22.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Belgium | 97,100 | 45.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Other EU (16) | 88,260 | 93.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 83,900 | 39.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| South Korea | Netherlands | 83,176 | 17.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | Netherlands | 76,855 | 16.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Other EU (16) | 65,006 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (23) | Italy | 61,956 | 34.8% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Germany | 59,876 | 12.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 58,462 | 32.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Egypt | Italy | 57,721 | 32.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (23) | France | 52,000 | 11.5% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Saudi Arabia | Other EU (16) | 36,853 | 35.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Egypt | Other EU (16) | 32,000 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (23) | Germany | 31,510 | 6.7% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (23) | Belgium | 30,900 | 14.6% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Other EU (16) | 28,566 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Egypt | France | 27,000 | 5.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Other EU (16) | 26,823 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| South Korea | Other EU (16) | 16,000 | 44.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 15,000 | 3.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 9,850 | 2.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (23) | Netherlands | 9,614 | 2.0% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | France | 6,000 | 1.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | France | 1,000 | 0.2% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
Source & method
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2024-11 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined.
Left: the country the jet fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2024-11, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2024-11 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Croatia, Estonia, Greece, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): for refined products, the country the fuel was last shipped from, as each EU member state reports it; it may be a trading hub rather than where the fuel was refined. The customs basis is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states may be fuel refined there or fuel only shipped on from elsewhere; they are grouped separately.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.