Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In December 2024, all 27 EU member states reported importing 2,226 kt of jet fuel; the largest origins outside the EU were Kuwait (24%), Saudi Arabia (8%) and the United States (5%), and 39% came from other EU member states.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
Kuwait537 kt (24%)Saudi Arabia177 kt (8%)United States120 kt (5%)United Arab Emirates102 kt (5%)Egypt95 kt (4%)United Kingdom95 kt (4%)Libya75 kt (3%)Nigeria41 kt (2%)Other origins outside the EU114 kt (5%)Netherlands559 kt (25%)Belgium115 kt (5%)France69 kt (3%)Greece37 kt (2%)Other EU member states89 kt (4%)France578 kt (26%)Germany467 kt (21%)Netherlands227 kt (10%)Italy190 kt (9%)Spain160 kt (7%)Belgium152 kt (7%)Ireland123 kt (6%)Denmark106 kt (5%)Luxembourg59 kt (3%)Slovenia31 kt (1%)Sweden28 kt (1%)Finland27 kt (1%)Cyprus27 kt (1%)Hungary14 kt (<1%)Czechia9.0 kt (<1%)Latvia7.9 kt (<1%)Croatia5.5 kt (<1%)Romania5.0 kt (<1%)Austria4.2 kt (<1%)Bulgaria3.6 kt (<1%)Portugal0.8 kt (<1%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Where the oil was produced
- Kuwait537 kt (24%)
- Saudi Arabia177 kt (8%)
- United States120 kt (5%)
- United Arab Emirates102 kt (5%)
- Egypt95 kt (4%)
- United Kingdom95 kt (4%)
- Libya75 kt (3%)
- Nigeria41 kt (2%)
- Other origins outside the EU114 kt (5%)
- Netherlands559 kt (25%)
- Belgium115 kt (5%)
- France69 kt (3%)
- Greece37 kt (2%)
- Other EU member states89 kt (4%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Germany | 392,115 | 84.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | France | 375,000 | 64.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Netherlands | 142,406 | 62.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 132,500 | 87.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 97,968 | 51.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Ireland | 95,186 | 77.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 65,000 | 11.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Egypt | Italy | 58,941 | 31.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | France | 58,000 | 10.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Denmark | 52,000 | 49.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Spain | 50,001 | 31.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Luxembourg | 45,103 | 75.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Netherlands | 42,304 | 18.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Spain | 40,783 | 25.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Greece | Spain | 36,856 | 23.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 36,442 | 7.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Egypt | Slovenia | 31,000 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Denmark | 31,000 | 29.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Arab Emirates | Spain | 30,000 | 18.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 30,000 | 5.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Ireland | 27,589 | 22.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Cyprus | 26,649 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Libya | Italy | 25,162 | 13.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 24,000 | 4.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Germany | 23,508 | 5.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | France | 20,000 | 3.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Finland | 20,000 | 74.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Belgium | 19,700 | 12.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Netherlands | 16,025 | 7.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Denmark | 15,000 | 14.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 14,850 | 3.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Sweden | 14,796 | 53.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Hungary | 14,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 13,636 | 6.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Luxembourg | 11,648 | 19.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 10,004 | 4.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Czechia | 9,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 8,132 | 4.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Denmark | 8,000 | 7.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Finland | 7,000 | 25.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Sweden | 6,464 | 23.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 6,276 | 22.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Egypt | Croatia | 5,510 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Romania | 5,000 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | France | 5,000 | 0.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Austria | 4,239 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Latvia | 4,069 | 51.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Latvia | 3,786 | 48.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Bulgaria | 3,430 | 95.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Netherlands | 3,013 | 1.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Spain | 2,696 | 1.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Luxembourg | 2,681 | 4.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 1,000 | 0.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Portugal | 844 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Greece | Bulgaria | 155 | 4.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-12 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2024-12 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the jet fuel was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2024-12, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2024-12 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Estonia, Greece, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.