Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In February 2025, 26 of 27 EU member states reported importing 2,041 kt of jet fuel; the largest origins outside the EU were Kuwait (29%) and the United Arab Emirates (10%), and 38% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
Kuwait592 kt (29%)United Arab Emirates206 kt (10%)Oman101 kt (5%)United Kingdom95 kt (5%)Egypt91 kt (4%)Türkiye58 kt (3%)Libya43 kt (2%)Singapore23 kt (1%)Other origins outside the EU52 kt (3%)Netherlands489 kt (24%)Belgium147 kt (7%)Germany53 kt (3%)Greece37 kt (2%)Other EU member states56 kt (3%)Origin not reportedless than 0.1 kt (<1%)France487 kt (24%)Germany431 kt (21%)Netherlands379 kt (19%)Italy196 kt (10%)Belgium151 kt (7%)Spain102 kt (5%)Ireland94 kt (5%)Luxembourg40 kt (2%)Denmark31 kt (2%)Slovenia24 kt (1%)Sweden22 kt (1%)Latvia18 kt (<1%)Cyprus15 kt (<1%)Portugal12 kt (<1%)Czechia12 kt (<1%)Finland11 kt (<1%)Austria8.4 kt (<1%)Malta5.0 kt (<1%)Bulgaria1.8 kt (<1%)Polandless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Where the oil was produced
- Colour = importing country:
- France
- Germany
- Netherlands
- Italy
- Belgium
- Spain
- Ireland
- Luxembourg
- Other EU (12)
- Kuwait592 kt (29%)
- United Arab Emirates206 kt (10%)
- Oman101 kt (5%)
- United Kingdom95 kt (5%)
- Egypt91 kt (4%)
- Türkiye58 kt (3%)
- Libya43 kt (2%)
- Singapore23 kt (1%)
- Other origins outside the EU52 kt (3%)
- Netherlands489 kt (24%)
- Belgium147 kt (7%)
- Germany53 kt (3%)
- Greece37 kt (2%)
- Other EU member states56 kt (3%)
- Origin not reportedless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Germany | 349,638 | 81.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | France | 289,000 | 59.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Netherlands | 204,087 | 53.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Oman | Netherlands | 100,716 | 26.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Italy | 98,414 | 50.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Belgium | 98,100 | 64.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | France | 98,000 | 20.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Ireland | 79,584 | 84.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Türkiye | Italy | 57,851 | 29.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 53,200 | 35.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 51,980 | 12.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Spain | 40,375 | 39.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Greece | Spain | 36,773 | 35.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 35,371 | 9.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Egypt | Italy | 31,969 | 16.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Egypt | France | 30,000 | 6.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 28,935 | 7.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Luxembourg | 28,171 | 71.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Spain | 24,892 | 24.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Egypt | Slovenia | 24,000 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Singapore | France | 23,000 | 4.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | France | 18,000 | 3.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 18,000 | 3.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 16,094 | 3.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Denmark | 16,000 | 51.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Latvia | 15,181 | 82.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 15,000 | 48.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Sweden | 14,909 | 67.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Cyprus | 14,898 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 13,329 | 3.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Portugal | 12,431 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Ireland | 10,080 | 10.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Finland | 10,000 | 90.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Netherlands | 9,490 | 2.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Czechia | 9,000 | 75.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Luxembourg | 8,829 | 22.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 7,590 | 3.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 7,317 | 32.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Austria | 6,252 | 74.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Egypt | Malta | 5,003 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | France | 5,000 | 1.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Ireland | 4,051 | 4.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Latvia | 3,291 | 17.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | France | 3,000 | 0.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Czechia | 3,000 | 25.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Luxembourg | 2,530 | 6.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Austria | 2,197 | 26.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | France | 2,000 | 0.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Bulgaria | 1,800 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | France | 1,000 | 0.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Finland | 1,000 | 9.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Kuwait | Spain | 408 | 0.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Poland | 26 | 100.0% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-02 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-02 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the jet fuel was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-02, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2025-02 (requested; 26 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Croatia, Estonia, Greece, Hungary, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.