Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In February 2025, 26 of 27 EU member states reported importing 2,041 kt of jet fuel; the largest origins outside the EU were Kuwait (29%) and the United Arab Emirates (10%), and 38% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
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Country it was last shipped from
- Colour = importing country:
- France
- Germany
- Netherlands
- Italy
- Belgium
- Other EU (15)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country last shipped from
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Germany | 349,638 | 81.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | France | 289,000 | 59.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Netherlands | 204,087 | 53.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (20) | Other EU (15) | 124,916 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Oman | Netherlands | 100,716 | 26.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Italy | 98,414 | 50.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Belgium | 98,100 | 64.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | France | 98,000 | 20.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Other EU (15) | 94,584 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Other EU (15) | 84,901 | — | Summed by usSum of 7 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (20) | France | 66,000 | 13.6% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Other EU (15) | 63,160 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Türkiye | Italy | 57,851 | 29.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 53,200 | 35.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 51,980 | 12.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (20) | Netherlands | 35,429 | 9.4% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Egypt | Italy | 31,969 | 16.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Egypt | France | 30,000 | 6.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (20) | Germany | 29,423 | 6.8% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Egypt | Other EU (15) | 29,003 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 28,935 | 7.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Netherlands | 9,490 | 2.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (20) | Italy | 7,590 | 3.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | France | 3,000 | 0.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 1,000 | 0.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Other EU (15) | 408 | 0.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Other EU (15) | 26 | 100.0% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
Source & method
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-02 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined.
Left: the country the jet fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-02, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2025-02 (requested; 26 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Croatia, Estonia, Greece, Hungary, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): for refined products, the country the fuel was last shipped from, as each EU member state reports it; it may be a trading hub rather than where the fuel was refined. The customs basis is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states may be fuel refined there or fuel only shipped on from elsewhere; they are grouped separately.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.