Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In March 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 2,131 kt of jet fuel; the largest origins outside the EU were Kuwait (21%) and the United Arab Emirates (6%), and 45% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
Kuwait450 kt (21%)United Arab Emirates121 kt (6%)United Kingdom98 kt (5%)China98 kt (5%)Oman95 kt (4%)Türkiye70 kt (3%)India57 kt (3%)Saudi Arabia48 kt (2%)Nigeria30 kt (1%)Other origins outside the EU99 kt (5%)Netherlands596 kt (28%)Belgium170 kt (8%)Germany105 kt (5%)Other EU member states90 kt (4%)Origin not reported4.0 kt (<1%)Germany489 kt (23%)France436 kt (20%)Netherlands412 kt (19%)Italy162 kt (8%)Spain155 kt (7%)Ireland112 kt (5%)Belgium87 kt (4%)Sweden59 kt (3%)Luxembourg50 kt (2%)Slovenia36 kt (2%)Latvia23 kt (1%)Hungary17 kt (<1%)Denmark16 kt (<1%)Czechia13 kt (<1%)Malta10 kt (<1%)Romania10 kt (<1%)Cyprus9.1 kt (<1%)Austria7.6 kt (<1%)Greece7.5 kt (<1%)Croatia7.0 kt (<1%)Portugal6.1 kt (<1%)Poland4.2 kt (<1%)Bulgaria2.3 kt (<1%)
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Where the oil was produced
- Kuwait450 kt (21%)
- United Arab Emirates121 kt (6%)
- United Kingdom98 kt (5%)
- China98 kt (5%)
- Oman95 kt (4%)
- Türkiye70 kt (3%)
- India57 kt (3%)
- Saudi Arabia48 kt (2%)
- Nigeria30 kt (1%)
- Other origins outside the EU99 kt (5%)
- Netherlands596 kt (28%)
- Belgium170 kt (8%)
- Germany105 kt (5%)
- Other EU member states90 kt (4%)
- Origin not reported4.0 kt (<1%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Germany | 411,376 | 84.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Netherlands | 183,907 | 44.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | France | 166,000 | 38.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Netherlands | 114,011 | 27.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Spain | 99,997 | 64.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Ireland | 98,238 | 87.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| China | France | 98,000 | 22.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Oman | Italy | 95,178 | 58.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 87,100 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 83,265 | 20.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | France | 54,000 | 12.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 48,000 | 11.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 46,758 | 9.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 37,000 | 8.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Sweden | 36,845 | 62.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Türkiye | Slovenia | 36,000 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Luxembourg | 31,796 | 64.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Spain | 30,128 | 19.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Türkiye | Italy | 29,922 | 18.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 29,025 | 7.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Italy | 27,954 | 17.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Spain | 24,991 | 16.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 21,709 | 37.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Latvia | 19,902 | 88.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 16,294 | 3.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Denmark | 16,000 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 16,000 | 3.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 14,734 | 3.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Luxembourg | 14,437 | 29.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Hungary | 13,300 | 76.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Czechia | 11,000 | 84.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Ireland | 10,084 | 9.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 8,622 | 5.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | France | 8,000 | 1.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Malta | 7,101 | 67.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Arab Emirates | Croatia | 7,000 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Cyprus | 6,488 | 71.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Portugal | 6,115 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Romania | 6,000 | 60.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Austria | 5,433 | 71.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Poland | 4,185 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Hungary | 4,100 | 23.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | France | 4,000 | 0.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Türkiye | Romania | 4,000 | 40.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | France | 4,000 | 0.9% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Netherlands | Ireland | 3,966 | 3.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Greece | 3,945 | 53.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Greece | 3,505 | 47.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Malta | 3,383 | 32.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Luxembourg | 3,297 | 6.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Latvia | 2,665 | 11.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Cyprus | 2,591 | 28.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Bulgaria | 2,325 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Austria | 2,168 | 28.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Netherlands | 1,700 | 0.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Czechia | 1,000 | 7.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | France | 1,000 | 0.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Czechia | 1,000 | 7.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-03 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-03 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the jet fuel was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-03, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2025-03 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Estonia, Finland, Lithuania, Slovakia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.