Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In April 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 2,248 kt of jet fuel; the largest origins outside the EU were Kuwait (20%), the United Arab Emirates (9%) and India (9%), and 40% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
Kuwait457 kt (20%)United Arab Emirates202 kt (9%)India197 kt (9%)Türkiye109 kt (5%)United Kingdom93 kt (4%)Saudi Arabia67 kt (3%)United States62 kt (3%)Egypt58 kt (3%)Libya56 kt (2%)Other origins outside the EU45 kt (2%)Netherlands647 kt (29%)Belgium111 kt (5%)Germany56 kt (2%)Other EU member states87 kt (4%)Origin not reported0.2 kt (<1%)France564 kt (25%)Germany493 kt (22%)Netherlands259 kt (12%)Italy213 kt (9%)Spain155 kt (7%)Belgium144 kt (6%)Ireland106 kt (5%)Denmark59 kt (3%)Luxembourg50 kt (2%)Sweden44 kt (2%)Slovenia41 kt (2%)Hungary24 kt (1%)Cyprus23 kt (1%)Malta17 kt (<1%)Czechia13 kt (<1%)Greece12 kt (<1%)Latvia11 kt (<1%)Portugal10 kt (<1%)Austria5.9 kt (<1%)Croatia2.1 kt (<1%)Romania2.0 kt (<1%)Poland0.2 kt (<1%)Bulgaria0.1 kt (<1%)
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Country it was last shipped from
- Kuwait457 kt (20%)
- United Arab Emirates202 kt (9%)
- India197 kt (9%)
- Türkiye109 kt (5%)
- United Kingdom93 kt (4%)
- Saudi Arabia67 kt (3%)
- United States62 kt (3%)
- Egypt58 kt (3%)
- Libya56 kt (2%)
- Other origins outside the EU45 kt (2%)
- Netherlands647 kt (29%)
- Belgium111 kt (5%)
- Germany56 kt (2%)
- Other EU member states87 kt (4%)
- Origin not reported0.2 kt (<1%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country last shipped from
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Germany | 431,533 | 87.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | France | 333,000 | 59.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 142,500 | 99.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Netherlands | 101,331 | 39.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | France | 99,000 | 17.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | Italy | 95,908 | 45.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Ireland | 92,787 | 87.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | Netherlands | 73,568 | 28.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Türkiye | Spain | 65,909 | 42.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Egypt | Italy | 57,695 | 27.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Denmark | 55,000 | 93.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Libya | Italy | 50,099 | 23.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Spain | 44,406 | 28.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | Spain | 41,626 | 26.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovenia | 41,000 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 40,091 | 15.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 32,859 | 6.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Türkiye | France | 32,000 | 5.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Luxembourg | 31,826 | 64.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 26,000 | 4.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Netherlands | 25,067 | 9.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | Sweden | 24,147 | 54.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 20,000 | 3.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | France | 20,000 | 3.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 19,007 | 43.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Hungary | 18,600 | 76.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 16,000 | 2.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 15,606 | 6.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 14,641 | 3.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Luxembourg | 14,438 | 29.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 13,515 | 2.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Ireland | 13,487 | 12.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Cyprus | 13,199 | 57.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Türkiye | Malta | 11,503 | 69.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 11,000 | 2.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Portugal | 10,065 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Czechia | 10,000 | 76.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 9,198 | 4.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Latvia | 7,541 | 65.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Cyprus | 7,483 | 32.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | France | 7,000 | 1.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Greece | 6,491 | 54.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Libya | Greece | 5,503 | 45.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Malta | 5,007 | 30.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Denmark | 4,000 | 6.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Austria | 3,652 | 62.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | Latvia | 3,539 | 30.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Luxembourg | 3,261 | 6.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Netherlands | 3,167 | 1.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Spain | 3,055 | 2.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Czechia | 3,000 | 23.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Cyprus | 2,474 | 10.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Hungary | 2,400 | 9.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Hungary | 2,200 | 9.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Austria | 2,198 | 37.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Croatia | 2,100 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Romania | 2,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Belgium | 1,200 | 0.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Hungary | 1,100 | 4.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Sweden | 843 | 1.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Saudi Arabia | Latvia | 405 | 3.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Poland | 180 | 87.8% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Other EU member states | Bulgaria | 100 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Poland | 25 | 12.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-04 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-04 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined.
Left: the country the jet fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-04, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2025-04 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Estonia, Finland, Lithuania, Slovakia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): for refined products, the country the fuel was last shipped from, as each EU member state reports it; it may be a trading hub rather than where the fuel was refined. The customs basis is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states may be fuel refined there or fuel only shipped on from elsewhere; they are grouped separately.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.