Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In May 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 2,777 kt of jet fuel; the largest origins outside the EU were Kuwait (22%), India (11%) and Saudi Arabia (6%), and 34% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
Kuwait623 kt (22%)India303 kt (11%)Saudi Arabia158 kt (6%)United Arab Emirates154 kt (6%)United Kingdom150 kt (5%)Egypt109 kt (4%)Türkiye68 kt (2%)Libya60 kt (2%)South Korea57 kt (2%)Other origins outside the EU153 kt (6%)Netherlands699 kt (25%)Belgium95 kt (3%)Germany49 kt (2%)Other EU member states98 kt (4%)Origin not reported0.2 kt (<1%)France656 kt (24%)Germany538 kt (19%)Netherlands360 kt (13%)Spain299 kt (11%)Italy224 kt (8%)Belgium135 kt (5%)Ireland121 kt (4%)Portugal75 kt (3%)Greece73 kt (3%)Denmark70 kt (3%)Luxembourg48 kt (2%)Slovenia39 kt (1%)Sweden32 kt (1%)Cyprus30 kt (1%)Czechia20 kt (<1%)Malta16 kt (<1%)Hungary13 kt (<1%)Latvia12 kt (<1%)Bulgaria6.8 kt (<1%)Romania6.0 kt (<1%)Austria4.3 kt (<1%)Poland0.3 kt (<1%)Slovakia0.2 kt (<1%)
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Where the oil was produced
- Kuwait623 kt (22%)
- India303 kt (11%)
- Saudi Arabia158 kt (6%)
- United Arab Emirates154 kt (6%)
- United Kingdom150 kt (5%)
- Egypt109 kt (4%)
- Türkiye68 kt (2%)
- Libya60 kt (2%)
- South Korea57 kt (2%)
- Other origins outside the EU153 kt (6%)
- Netherlands699 kt (25%)
- Belgium95 kt (3%)
- Germany49 kt (2%)
- Other EU member states98 kt (4%)
- Origin not reported0.2 kt (<1%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Germany | 463,277 | 86.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | France | 279,000 | 42.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | France | 237,000 | 36.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Netherlands | 162,843 | 45.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Ireland | 120,737 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 102,900 | 76.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 98,020 | 43.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Denmark | 70,000 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Spain | 68,426 | 22.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Portugal | 64,898 | 86.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| South Korea | Netherlands | 57,288 | 15.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 55,000 | 8.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Spain | 53,059 | 17.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Netherlands | 52,588 | 14.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Egypt | Italy | 45,401 | 20.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Spain | 41,461 | 13.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Spain | 40,699 | 13.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Netherlands | 39,799 | 11.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Germany | 38,173 | 7.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Italy | 38,021 | 17.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 33,000 | 5.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Türkiye | Spain | 32,669 | 10.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Greece | 32,538 | 44.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Greece | 31,992 | 43.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Egypt | Spain | 31,962 | 10.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Belgium | 31,600 | 23.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Luxembourg | 31,269 | 65.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | France | 30,000 | 4.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 26,335 | 7.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Cyprus | 26,056 | 87.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | Spain | 25,824 | 8.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Italy | 24,889 | 11.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Sweden | 24,147 | 75.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Egypt | Slovenia | 24,000 | 61.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 22,712 | 4.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Czechia | 15,000 | 75.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Türkiye | Slovenia | 15,000 | 38.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 13,704 | 2.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Hungary | 13,300 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 13,293 | 3.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Luxembourg | 13,119 | 27.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Portugal | 10,186 | 13.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 10,037 | 4.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Malta | 8,731 | 55.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Egypt | France | 8,000 | 1.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Türkiye | Italy | 7,796 | 3.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 7,658 | 24.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 7,000 | 1.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Türkiye | Malta | 6,934 | 44.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Bulgaria | 6,816 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Latvia | 6,688 | 57.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Türkiye | Romania | 6,000 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Greece | 5,496 | 7.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Spain | 5,128 | 1.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Czechia | 5,000 | 25.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Saudi Arabia | Latvia | 4,936 | 42.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Austria | 4,258 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Netherlands | 4,256 | 1.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | France | 4,000 | 0.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Luxembourg | 3,684 | 7.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Cyprus | 3,650 | 12.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Greece | 3,429 | 4.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 3,249 | 0.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | France | 3,000 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Poland | 205 | 80.1% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Other EU member states | Slovakia | 181 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Poland | 51 | 19.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-05 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-05 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the jet fuel was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-05, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2025-05 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Croatia, Estonia, Finland, Lithuania. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.