Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In May 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 2,777 kt of jet fuel; the largest origins outside the EU were Kuwait (22%), India (11%) and Saudi Arabia (6%), and 34% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Netherlands699 kt (25%)Kuwait623 kt (22%)India303 kt (11%)Saudi Arabia158 kt (6%)United Arab Emirates154 kt (6%)United Kingdom150 kt (5%)Egypt109 kt (4%)Belgium95 kt (3%)Other origins (23)486 kt (18%)Origin not reported0.2 kt (<1%)France656 kt (24%)Germany538 kt (19%)Netherlands360 kt (13%)Spain299 kt (11%)Italy224 kt (8%)Other EU (18)700 kt (25%)
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Country it was last shipped from
- Colour = importing country:
- France
- Germany
- Netherlands
- Spain
- Italy
- Other EU (18)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country last shipped from
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Germany | 463,277 | 86.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | France | 279,000 | 42.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | France | 237,000 | 36.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Other EU (18) | 197,857 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kuwait | Netherlands | 162,843 | 45.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (23) | Other EU (18) | 136,229 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kuwait | Other EU (18) | 128,490 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (23) | Netherlands | 127,678 | 35.5% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United Kingdom | Other EU (18) | 120,737 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 98,020 | 43.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (23) | Spain | 73,368 | 24.5% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (23) | France | 70,000 | 10.7% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United Arab Emirates | Spain | 68,426 | 22.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 55,000 | 8.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Spain | 53,059 | 17.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Netherlands | 52,588 | 14.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Egypt | Italy | 45,401 | 20.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (23) | Italy | 42,722 | 19.1% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| India | Spain | 41,461 | 13.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 38,173 | 7.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Italy | 38,021 | 17.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (23) | Germany | 36,416 | 6.8% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United Arab Emirates | Other EU (18) | 32,538 | 44.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Egypt | Spain | 31,962 | 10.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Other EU (18) | 31,320 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United Kingdom | Spain | 25,824 | 8.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | Other EU (18) | 24,147 | 75.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Egypt | Other EU (18) | 24,000 | 61.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 13,293 | 3.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Egypt | France | 8,000 | 1.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 7,000 | 1.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Spain | 5,128 | 1.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Other EU (18) | 4,936 | 42.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 3,249 | 0.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Other EU (18) | 205 | 80.1% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-05 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-05 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined.
Left: the country the jet fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-05, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2025-05 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Croatia, Estonia, Finland, Lithuania. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): for refined products, the country the fuel was last shipped from, as each EU member state reports it; it may be a trading hub rather than where the fuel was refined. The customs basis is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states may be fuel refined there or fuel only shipped on from elsewhere; they are grouped separately.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.