Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In June 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 2,894 kt of jet fuel; the largest origins outside the EU were Kuwait (26%) and India (20%), and 32% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
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Country it was last shipped from
- Colour = importing country:
- Germany
- France
- Netherlands
- Spain
- Italy
- Other EU (17)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country last shipped from
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Germany | 460,647 | 86.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Netherlands | 295,056 | 64.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (23) | Other EU (17) | 209,469 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kuwait | France | 198,000 | 37.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Spain | 173,239 | 53.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | France | 161,000 | 30.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Other EU (17) | 160,355 | — | Summed by usSum of 7 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United Kingdom | Other EU (17) | 129,893 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | Other EU (17) | 127,116 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| India | Italy | 122,897 | 61.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | Spain | 95,692 | 29.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | Netherlands | 85,742 | 18.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 80,000 | 15.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Other EU (17) | 77,893 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | Other EU (17) | 63,673 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (23) | Netherlands | 61,173 | 13.3% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Germany | 43,043 | 8.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Egypt | Other EU (17) | 41,983 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | France | 39,000 | 7.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (23) | France | 34,000 | 6.4% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Other EU (17) | 33,946 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (23) | Germany | 31,056 | 5.8% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Egypt | Italy | 27,881 | 13.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (23) | Italy | 27,055 | 13.5% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Italy | 22,831 | 11.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (23) | Spain | 20,187 | 6.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 18,368 | 4.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Spain | 14,389 | 4.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Spain | 12,634 | 3.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 9,000 | 1.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | France | 6,000 | 1.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Spain | 4,975 | 1.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Other EU (17) | 4,398 | 35.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | France | 1,000 | 0.2% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Origin not reported | Other EU (17) | 204 | 13.3% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-06 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined.
Left: the country the jet fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-06, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2025-06 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Croatia, Estonia, Finland, Lithuania, Romania. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): for refined products, the country the fuel was last shipped from, as each EU member state reports it; it may be a trading hub rather than where the fuel was refined. The customs basis is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states may be fuel refined there or fuel only shipped on from elsewhere; they are grouped separately.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.