Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In July 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 2,775 kt of jet fuel; the largest origins outside the EU were Kuwait (21%), India (12%) and the United Arab Emirates (9%), and 39% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
Kuwait575 kt (21%)India331 kt (12%)United Arab Emirates237 kt (9%)United Kingdom127 kt (5%)South Korea99 kt (4%)Egypt89 kt (3%)Saudi Arabia88 kt (3%)Nigeria52 kt (2%)Other origins outside the EU98 kt (4%)Netherlands707 kt (25%)France119 kt (4%)Belgium99 kt (4%)Italy30 kt (1%)Other EU member states123 kt (4%)Origin not reported0.2 kt (<1%)France643 kt (23%)Germany576 kt (21%)Italy315 kt (11%)Netherlands299 kt (11%)Ireland130 kt (5%)Belgium115 kt (4%)Spain114 kt (4%)Portugal76 kt (3%)Cyprus74 kt (3%)Sweden74 kt (3%)Denmark72 kt (3%)Greece63 kt (2%)Slovenia58 kt (2%)Luxembourg53 kt (2%)Malta30 kt (1%)Hungary24 kt (<1%)Czechia19 kt (<1%)Latvia12 kt (<1%)Poland11 kt (<1%)Austria7.1 kt (<1%)Croatia4.9 kt (<1%)Bulgaria2.7 kt (<1%)Romania2.0 kt (<1%)
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Country it was last shipped from
- Kuwait575 kt (21%)
- India331 kt (12%)
- United Arab Emirates237 kt (9%)
- United Kingdom127 kt (5%)
- South Korea99 kt (4%)
- Egypt89 kt (3%)
- Saudi Arabia88 kt (3%)
- Nigeria52 kt (2%)
- Other origins outside the EU98 kt (4%)
- Netherlands707 kt (25%)
- France119 kt (4%)
- Belgium99 kt (4%)
- Italy30 kt (1%)
- Other EU member states123 kt (4%)
- Origin not reported0.2 kt (<1%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country last shipped from
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Germany | 493,308 | 85.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | France | 258,000 | 40.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | Italy | 194,876 | 61.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Netherlands | 140,021 | 46.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Netherlands | 126,921 | 42.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Ireland | 124,043 | 95.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| South Korea | France | 99,000 | 15.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | France | 95,000 | 14.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 89,800 | 78.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Egypt | Italy | 83,985 | 26.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | Spain | 79,398 | 69.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Portugal | 59,953 | 79.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Greece | 59,758 | 94.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovenia | 58,000 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | France | 57,000 | 8.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | France | 39,000 | 6.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Denmark | 38,000 | 52.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 35,250 | 6.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| France | Denmark | 34,000 | 47.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| France | Sweden | 32,937 | 44.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Cyprus | 32,893 | 44.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| France | Germany | 31,928 | 5.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Luxembourg | 30,339 | 57.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Italy | Malta | 30,054 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 29,000 | 4.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 26,146 | 35.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 26,000 | 4.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Italy | 24,970 | 7.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Kuwait | Spain | 24,629 | 21.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 24,000 | 3.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Cyprus | 23,333 | 31.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 23,068 | 7.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| France | Luxembourg | 20,406 | 38.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Hungary | 20,300 | 85.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Czechia | 19,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 15,659 | 2.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Arab Emirates | Belgium | 14,900 | 13.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Portugal | 14,714 | 19.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Sweden | 14,527 | 19.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Nigeria | Cyprus | 12,505 | 17.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 11,157 | 3.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Poland | 11,074 | 97.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Belgium | 10,200 | 8.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Spain | 9,984 | 8.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | France | 9,000 | 1.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Latvia | 7,244 | 61.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | France | 7,000 | 1.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Netherlands | 6,347 | 2.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Ireland | 6,089 | 4.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Austria | 6,031 | 84.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Cyprus | 4,996 | 6.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Egypt | Croatia | 4,900 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Latvia | 4,486 | 38.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Hungary | 3,500 | 14.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Greece | 3,427 | 5.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 2,962 | 1.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Luxembourg | 2,484 | 4.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Romania | 2,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Bulgaria | 1,608 | 59.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Portugal | 1,113 | 1.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Bulgaria | 1,110 | 40.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Austria | 1,090 | 15.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Poland | 187 | 1.6% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Belgium | Poland | 81 | 0.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
4 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-07 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-07 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined.
Left: the country the jet fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-07, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2025-07 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Estonia, Finland, Lithuania, Slovakia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): for refined products, the country the fuel was last shipped from, as each EU member state reports it; it may be a trading hub rather than where the fuel was refined. The customs basis is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states may be fuel refined there or fuel only shipped on from elsewhere; they are grouped separately.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.