Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In August 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 2,963 kt of jet fuel; the largest origins outside the EU were Kuwait (16%), India (11%) and China (9%), and 33% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
Kuwait474 kt (16%)India328 kt (11%)China268 kt (9%)United Arab Emirates208 kt (7%)South Korea193 kt (7%)United Kingdom192 kt (6%)Saudi Arabia106 kt (4%)Egypt97 kt (3%)Nigeria44 kt (1%)Other origins outside the EU70 kt (2%)Netherlands642 kt (22%)Belgium148 kt (5%)Germany72 kt (2%)Other EU member states121 kt (4%)Origin not reported0.2 kt (<1%)France676 kt (23%)Germany573 kt (19%)Netherlands467 kt (16%)Spain218 kt (7%)Italy191 kt (6%)Belgium184 kt (6%)Ireland118 kt (4%)Denmark118 kt (4%)Portugal102 kt (3%)Sweden80 kt (3%)Luxembourg53 kt (2%)Slovenia46 kt (2%)Cyprus27 kt (<1%)Hungary27 kt (<1%)Czechia22 kt (<1%)Malta12 kt (<1%)Romania10 kt (<1%)Latvia9.1 kt (<1%)Estonia9.0 kt (<1%)Poland8.5 kt (<1%)Austria6.6 kt (<1%)Croatia3.9 kt (<1%)Bulgaria1.6 kt (<1%)
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Country it was last shipped from
- Kuwait474 kt (16%)
- India328 kt (11%)
- China268 kt (9%)
- United Arab Emirates208 kt (7%)
- South Korea193 kt (7%)
- United Kingdom192 kt (6%)
- Saudi Arabia106 kt (4%)
- Egypt97 kt (3%)
- Nigeria44 kt (1%)
- Other origins outside the EU70 kt (2%)
- Netherlands642 kt (22%)
- Belgium148 kt (5%)
- Germany72 kt (2%)
- Other EU member states121 kt (4%)
- Origin not reported0.2 kt (<1%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country last shipped from
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Germany | 493,097 | 86.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | France | 293,000 | 43.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| China | Netherlands | 208,729 | 44.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | Netherlands | 126,900 | 27.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Ireland | 118,443 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| South Korea | France | 105,000 | 15.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | France | 97,000 | 14.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | Italy | 95,459 | 49.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 87,900 | 47.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Spain | 85,975 | 39.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Egypt | Italy | 84,358 | 44.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | Portugal | 62,926 | 62.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Denmark | 60,000 | 50.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 58,000 | 49.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Belgium | 56,300 | 30.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| China | France | 54,000 | 8.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Sweden | 51,048 | 63.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| South Korea | Netherlands | 48,597 | 10.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Spain | 44,026 | 20.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | Spain | 42,883 | 19.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 42,000 | 6.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 41,075 | 8.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 39,914 | 7.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| South Korea | Belgium | 39,900 | 21.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Portugal | 38,638 | 38.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Spain | 34,041 | 15.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 33,443 | 7.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Luxembourg | 33,200 | 62.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 30,000 | 4.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 30,000 | 4.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 29,130 | 36.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Cyprus | 27,243 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 26,947 | 4.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovenia | 25,000 | 54.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Slovenia | 21,000 | 45.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Czechia | 18,000 | 81.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Luxembourg | 17,087 | 32.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | France | 17,000 | 2.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Hungary | 16,400 | 60.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 12,753 | 2.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Egypt | Malta | 11,974 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 11,327 | 5.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Estonia | 9,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 8,608 | 1.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Poland | 7,673 | 90.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Hungary | 7,300 | 26.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Spain | 5,984 | 2.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Romania | 5,000 | 50.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | France | 5,000 | 0.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Romania | 5,000 | 50.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| China | Spain | 4,878 | 2.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Latvia | 4,818 | 52.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Austria | 4,597 | 69.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Latvia | 4,307 | 47.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Czechia | 4,000 | 18.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Hungary | 3,500 | 12.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | France | 3,000 | 0.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Croatia | 2,900 | 74.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Luxembourg | 2,543 | 4.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Austria | 1,985 | 30.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Egypt | Croatia | 1,000 | 25.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Bulgaria | 818 | 50.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Bulgaria | 811 | 49.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Poland | 571 | 6.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Origin not reported | Poland | 153 | 1.8% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Belgium | Poland | 104 | 1.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
3 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-08 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-08 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined.
Left: the country the jet fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-08, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2025-08 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Finland, Greece, Lithuania, Slovakia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): for refined products, the country the fuel was last shipped from, as each EU member state reports it; it may be a trading hub rather than where the fuel was refined. The customs basis is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states may be fuel refined there or fuel only shipped on from elsewhere; they are grouped separately.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.