Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In September 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 3,118 kt of jet fuel; the largest origins outside the EU were India (11%), Kuwait (11%) and the South Korea (8%), and 32% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
India335 kt (11%)Kuwait334 kt (11%)South Korea255 kt (8%)China200 kt (6%)United Arab Emirates191 kt (6%)Nigeria125 kt (4%)United Kingdom119 kt (4%)Saudi Arabia113 kt (4%)Qatar97 kt (3%)United States88 kt (3%)Other origins outside the EU253 kt (8%)Netherlands586 kt (19%)Belgium238 kt (8%)Other EU member states183 kt (6%)Origin not reported0.4 kt (<1%)Netherlands603 kt (19%)France519 kt (17%)Germany511 kt (16%)Spain379 kt (12%)Italy282 kt (9%)Belgium157 kt (5%)Ireland121 kt (4%)Sweden118 kt (4%)Portugal93 kt (3%)Denmark72 kt (2%)Cyprus58 kt (2%)Slovenia55 kt (2%)Luxembourg51 kt (2%)Hungary21 kt (<1%)Czechia20 kt (<1%)Malta17 kt (<1%)Latvia14 kt (<1%)Poland8.2 kt (<1%)Estonia8.0 kt (<1%)Austria7.8 kt (<1%)Bulgaria2.8 kt (<1%)Croatia1.2 kt (<1%)
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Country it was last shipped from
- India335 kt (11%)
- Kuwait334 kt (11%)
- South Korea255 kt (8%)
- China200 kt (6%)
- United Arab Emirates191 kt (6%)
- Nigeria125 kt (4%)
- United Kingdom119 kt (4%)
- Saudi Arabia113 kt (4%)
- Qatar97 kt (3%)
- United States88 kt (3%)
- Other origins outside the EU253 kt (8%)
- Netherlands586 kt (19%)
- Belgium238 kt (8%)
- Other EU member states183 kt (6%)
- Origin not reported0.4 kt (<1%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country last shipped from
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Germany | 426,398 | 83.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | Italy | 160,533 | 56.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | France | 151,000 | 29.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Netherlands | 143,810 | 23.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| China | Netherlands | 142,980 | 23.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 116,276 | 19.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | Spain | 114,495 | 30.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Ireland | 111,483 | 92.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 101,000 | 64.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Qatar | Spain | 97,309 | 25.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| South Korea | Netherlands | 95,536 | 15.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | France | 91,000 | 17.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| South Korea | France | 87,000 | 16.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Italy | 81,038 | 28.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United States | Sweden | 69,264 | 58.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Spain | 62,738 | 16.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Netherlands | 60,484 | 10.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| South Korea | Denmark | 51,000 | 70.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Portugal | 50,000 | 53.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 44,000 | 8.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Sweden | 41,418 | 35.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 40,000 | 7.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Spain | 39,893 | 10.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 39,798 | 7.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Netherlands | 38,113 | 6.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| India | Portugal | 32,926 | 35.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Luxembourg | 30,228 | 59.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 28,958 | 10.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | Slovenia | 27,000 | 49.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 26,016 | 5.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 24,000 | 4.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovenia | 24,000 | 43.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Spain | 23,687 | 6.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| China | Spain | 22,915 | 6.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| China | Belgium | 22,600 | 14.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| South Korea | Belgium | 21,200 | 13.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Cyprus | 21,042 | 36.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | France | 21,000 | 4.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Denmark | 21,000 | 29.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Czechia | 20,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 19,043 | 3.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United States | France | 19,000 | 3.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Luxembourg | 17,486 | 34.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | France | 17,000 | 3.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Hungary | 16,700 | 78.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | France | 13,000 | 2.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Cyprus | 12,659 | 21.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Cyprus | 12,387 | 21.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| China | France | 12,000 | 2.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Cyprus | 11,974 | 20.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 11,517 | 4.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Spain | 11,202 | 3.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Malta | 10,891 | 64.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Portugal | 10,017 | 10.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Ireland | 9,061 | 7.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Latvia | 8,062 | 58.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Estonia | 8,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Belgium | 7,700 | 4.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Poland | 7,564 | 92.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 7,201 | 6.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Spain | 6,399 | 1.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Malta | 5,976 | 35.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Latvia | 5,705 | 41.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 5,488 | 0.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Belgium | 4,600 | 2.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Austria | 4,527 | 58.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Slovenia | 4,000 | 7.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Austria | 3,240 | 41.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Luxembourg | 2,846 | 5.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Hungary | 2,500 | 11.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Bulgaria | 2,002 | 71.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Hungary | 1,200 | 5.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Croatia | 1,200 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Hungary | 1,000 | 4.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Bulgaria | 813 | 28.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Origin not reported | Poland | 358 | 4.4% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Other EU member states | Poland | 191 | 2.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Poland | 105 | 1.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-09 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-09 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined.
Left: the country the jet fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-09, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2025-09 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Finland, Greece, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): for refined products, the country the fuel was last shipped from, as each EU member state reports it; it may be a trading hub rather than where the fuel was refined. The customs basis is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states may be fuel refined there or fuel only shipped on from elsewhere; they are grouped separately.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.