Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In October 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 2,637 kt of jet fuel; the largest origins outside the EU were Kuwait (19%), China (12%) and India (7%), and 33% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Where the oil was produced
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Germany | 426,826 | 83.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (21) | Other EU (14) | 233,985 | — | Summed by usSum of 13 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (21) | France | 202,000 | 44.5% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| China | Netherlands | 189,066 | 40.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | France | 158,000 | 34.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Netherlands | 144,089 | 30.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 130,700 | 52.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (21) | Ireland | 129,849 | 93.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Netherlands | 121,533 | 25.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Denmark | 101,000 | 94.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (21) | Italy | 97,941 | 50.2% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| India | Italy | 97,191 | 49.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (21) | Germany | 82,839 | 16.3% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| China | Belgium | 70,900 | 28.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | France | 66,000 | 14.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| China | Other EU (14) | 60,100 | 75.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (21) | Spain | 59,472 | 44.4% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kuwait | Other EU (14) | 55,447 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kuwait | Spain | 43,099 | 32.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Belgium | 34,300 | 13.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 28,000 | 6.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Other EU (14) | 27,652 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| India | Spain | 26,168 | 19.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (21) | Netherlands | 18,559 | 3.9% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (21) | Belgium | 11,200 | 4.5% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Ireland | 9,090 | 6.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| China | Spain | 5,238 | 3.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Denmark | 5,000 | 4.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Denmark | 1,000 | 0.9% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Origin not reported | Other EU (14) | 435 | 6.1% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
Source & method
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-10 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the jet fuel was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-10, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2025-10 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Estonia, Finland, Greece, Lithuania, Slovakia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.