Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In October 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 2,637 kt of jet fuel; the largest origins outside the EU were Kuwait (19%), China (12%) and India (7%), and 33% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
Kuwait513 kt (19%)China325 kt (12%)India189 kt (7%)United Arab Emirates149 kt (6%)United Kingdom133 kt (5%)South Korea133 kt (5%)Saudi Arabia120 kt (5%)Egypt102 kt (4%)Algeria28 kt (1%)Other origins outside the EU65 kt (2%)Netherlands622 kt (24%)Belgium118 kt (4%)France40 kt (1%)Other EU member states98 kt (4%)Origin not reported1.4 kt (<1%)Germany510 kt (19%)Netherlands473 kt (18%)France454 kt (17%)Belgium247 kt (9%)Italy195 kt (7%)Ireland139 kt (5%)Spain134 kt (5%)Denmark107 kt (4%)Portugal80 kt (3%)Sweden59 kt (2%)Slovenia54 kt (2%)Luxembourg51 kt (2%)Cyprus30 kt (1%)Hungary27 kt (1%)Malta20 kt (<1%)Czechia16 kt (<1%)Austria14 kt (<1%)Latvia8.5 kt (<1%)Poland7.1 kt (<1%)Romania5.0 kt (<1%)Croatia4.8 kt (<1%)Bulgaria1.0 kt (<1%)
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Where the oil was produced
- Kuwait513 kt (19%)
- China325 kt (12%)
- India189 kt (7%)
- United Arab Emirates149 kt (6%)
- United Kingdom133 kt (5%)
- South Korea133 kt (5%)
- Saudi Arabia120 kt (5%)
- Egypt102 kt (4%)
- Algeria28 kt (1%)
- Other origins outside the EU65 kt (2%)
- Netherlands622 kt (24%)
- Belgium118 kt (4%)
- France40 kt (1%)
- Other EU member states98 kt (4%)
- Origin not reported1.4 kt (<1%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Germany | 426,826 | 83.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| China | Netherlands | 189,066 | 40.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | France | 158,000 | 34.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Netherlands | 144,089 | 30.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 130,700 | 52.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Ireland | 129,849 | 93.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Netherlands | 121,533 | 25.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| South Korea | France | 105,000 | 23.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Denmark | 101,000 | 94.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Italy | 97,191 | 49.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| China | Belgium | 70,900 | 28.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | France | 66,000 | 14.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| China | Portugal | 60,100 | 75.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Egypt | Italy | 57,009 | 29.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 44,305 | 8.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Spain | 43,099 | 32.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 40,000 | 8.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Sweden | 35,506 | 59.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Belgium | 34,300 | 13.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 33,000 | 7.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Saudi Arabia | Spain | 32,002 | 23.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 29,720 | 15.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Luxembourg | 29,624 | 58.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Slovenia | 28,000 | 51.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 28,000 | 6.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Hungary | 26,600 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| India | Spain | 26,168 | 19.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Egypt | Slovenia | 26,000 | 48.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Germany | 21,188 | 4.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Portugal | 19,941 | 24.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| South Korea | Spain | 18,929 | 14.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Luxembourg | 18,291 | 36.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 16,182 | 3.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | France | 16,000 | 3.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 14,934 | 25.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Egypt | Malta | 14,004 | 68.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Czechia | 14,000 | 87.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 13,898 | 2.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Cyprus | 11,799 | 39.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Cyprus | 11,490 | 38.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 11,212 | 5.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Ireland | 9,090 | 6.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Sweden | 8,951 | 15.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| South Korea | Belgium | 8,700 | 3.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Spain | 8,541 | 6.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | France | 8,000 | 1.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Austria | 7,489 | 52.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Cyprus | 6,625 | 22.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Poland | 6,421 | 90.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Malta | 6,376 | 31.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Latvia | 5,259 | 61.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| China | Spain | 5,238 | 3.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Denmark | 5,000 | 4.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Romania | 5,000 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Egypt | Croatia | 4,800 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Netherlands | 4,624 | 1.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Austria | 3,702 | 25.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Austria | 3,118 | 21.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | Latvia | 2,840 | 33.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Luxembourg | 2,595 | 5.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Belgium | 2,500 | 1.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Czechia | 2,000 | 12.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 1,164 | 0.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Bulgaria | 1,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Origin not reported | Denmark | 1,000 | 0.9% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Saudi Arabia | Latvia | 449 | 5.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Poland | 435 | 6.1% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Other EU member states | Poland | 191 | 2.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Poland | 79 | 1.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-10 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-10 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the jet fuel was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-10, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2025-10 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Estonia, Finland, Greece, Lithuania, Slovakia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.