Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In October 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 2,637 kt of jet fuel; the largest origins outside the EU were Kuwait (19%), China (12%) and India (7%), and 33% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
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Country it was last shipped from
- Colour = importing country:
- Germany
- Netherlands
- France
- Belgium
- Italy
- Other EU (17)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country last shipped from
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Germany | 426,826 | 83.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (18) | Other EU (17) | 221,062 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kuwait | Other EU (17) | 199,546 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| China | Netherlands | 189,066 | 40.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | France | 158,000 | 34.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Netherlands | 144,089 | 30.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Other EU (17) | 132,689 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 130,700 | 52.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Netherlands | 121,533 | 25.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| South Korea | France | 105,000 | 23.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | Italy | 97,191 | 49.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (18) | Germany | 82,839 | 16.3% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| China | Belgium | 70,900 | 28.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (18) | Italy | 68,221 | 35.0% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| India | France | 66,000 | 14.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| China | Other EU (17) | 65,338 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (18) | France | 57,000 | 12.6% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Saudi Arabia | Other EU (17) | 50,626 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 40,000 | 8.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Other EU (17) | 36,742 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kuwait | Belgium | 34,300 | 13.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 29,720 | 15.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 28,000 | 6.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | Other EU (17) | 26,168 | 19.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| South Korea | Other EU (17) | 18,929 | 14.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (18) | Netherlands | 18,544 | 3.9% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| South Korea | Belgium | 8,700 | 3.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Other EU (17) | 5,000 | 4.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (18) | Belgium | 2,500 | 1.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Origin not reported | Other EU (17) | 1,435 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-10 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined.
Left: the country the jet fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-10, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2025-10 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Estonia, Finland, Greece, Lithuania, Slovakia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): for refined products, the country the fuel was last shipped from, as each EU member state reports it; it may be a trading hub rather than where the fuel was refined. The customs basis is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states may be fuel refined there or fuel only shipped on from elsewhere; they are grouped separately.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.