Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In November 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 2,254 kt of jet fuel; the largest origins outside the EU were Kuwait (12%), the South Korea (9%) and India (6%), and 43% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
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Where the oil was produced
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Germany | 434,859 | 84.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (30) | France | 260,000 | 53.1% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (30) | Other EU (16) | 157,513 | — | Summed by usSum of 14 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kuwait | Netherlands | 127,142 | 35.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | France | 120,000 | 24.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (30) | Italy | 115,497 | 45.2% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (30) | Spain | 109,205 | 76.0% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 104,400 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| South Korea | Netherlands | 102,608 | 28.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Italy | 95,715 | 37.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (30) | Netherlands | 87,917 | 24.5% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (30) | Ireland | 74,888 | 80.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| South Korea | France | 62,000 | 12.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 56,627 | 10.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Other EU (16) | 46,782 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Italy | 44,078 | 17.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 40,704 | 11.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 32,000 | 6.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| South Korea | Portugal | 30,000 | 50.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Portugal | 30,000 | 50.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Spain | 28,274 | 19.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (30) | Germany | 25,877 | 5.0% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Other EU (16) | 24,116 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Ireland | 18,154 | 19.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 15,000 | 3.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Spain | 6,261 | 4.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Other EU (16) | 3,604 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Origin not reported | France | 1,000 | 0.2% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
Source & method
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-11 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the jet fuel was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-11, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2025-11 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Croatia, Estonia, Finland. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.