Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In November 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 2,254 kt of jet fuel; the largest origins outside the EU were Kuwait (12%), the South Korea (9%) and India (6%), and 43% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
Kuwait277 kt (12%)South Korea195 kt (9%)India124 kt (6%)United Arab Emirates109 kt (5%)China103 kt (5%)Egypt85 kt (4%)Nigeria83 kt (4%)United Kingdom79 kt (4%)Oman77 kt (3%)Saudi Arabia41 kt (2%)Other origins outside the EU112 kt (5%)Netherlands647 kt (29%)Belgium176 kt (8%)Other EU member states141 kt (6%)Origin not reported4.6 kt (<1%)Germany517 kt (23%)France490 kt (22%)Netherlands358 kt (16%)Italy255 kt (11%)Spain144 kt (6%)Belgium104 kt (5%)Ireland93 kt (4%)Portugal60 kt (3%)Luxembourg55 kt (2%)Hungary29 kt (1%)Cyprus27 kt (1%)Sweden23 kt (1%)Slovenia20 kt (<1%)Czechia16 kt (<1%)Austria15 kt (<1%)Denmark14 kt (<1%)Malta13 kt (<1%)Latvia7.4 kt (<1%)Poland4.5 kt (<1%)Bulgaria4.0 kt (<1%)Romania2.0 kt (<1%)Slovakia1.2 kt (<1%)Lithuania0.7 kt (<1%)Greeceless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
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Where the oil was produced
- Kuwait277 kt (12%)
- South Korea195 kt (9%)
- India124 kt (6%)
- United Arab Emirates109 kt (5%)
- China103 kt (5%)
- Egypt85 kt (4%)
- Nigeria83 kt (4%)
- United Kingdom79 kt (4%)
- Oman77 kt (3%)
- Saudi Arabia41 kt (2%)
- Other origins outside the EU112 kt (5%)
- Netherlands647 kt (29%)
- Belgium176 kt (8%)
- Other EU member states141 kt (6%)
- Origin not reported4.6 kt (<1%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Germany | 434,859 | 84.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Netherlands | 127,142 | 35.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | France | 120,000 | 24.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 104,400 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| South Korea | Netherlands | 102,608 | 28.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Italy | 95,715 | 37.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| China | France | 93,000 | 19.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | France | 89,000 | 18.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Oman | Netherlands | 77,497 | 21.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Ireland | 74,888 | 80.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| South Korea | France | 62,000 | 12.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Egypt | Italy | 57,796 | 22.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 56,627 | 10.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Italy | 44,078 | 17.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Spain | 42,400 | 29.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | France | 41,000 | 8.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 40,704 | 11.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 40,619 | 15.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Luxembourg | 34,542 | 62.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 32,000 | 6.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 31,000 | 6.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| South Korea | Portugal | 30,000 | 50.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Portugal | 30,000 | 50.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Spain | 29,238 | 20.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| India | Spain | 28,274 | 19.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Egypt | Spain | 27,069 | 18.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Hungary | 22,500 | 78.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Slovenia | 20,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Ireland | 18,154 | 19.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Luxembourg | 17,888 | 32.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 17,082 | 6.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 16,048 | 3.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | France | 15,000 | 3.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Denmark | 14,000 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Czechia | 14,000 | 87.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Cyprus | 13,604 | 50.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Cyprus | 13,232 | 49.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 11,707 | 50.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| China | Spain | 10,498 | 7.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Netherlands | 10,354 | 2.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 9,829 | 1.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Austria | 6,949 | 46.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Malta | 6,808 | 51.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Malta | 6,441 | 48.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Spain | 6,261 | 4.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | France | 6,000 | 1.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Sweden | 5,821 | 25.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Sweden | 5,632 | 24.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Latvia | 5,430 | 73.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Austria | 4,760 | 31.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Hungary | 4,300 | 14.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Bulgaria | 4,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Austria | 3,215 | 21.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Luxembourg | 2,782 | 5.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Poland | 2,699 | 59.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Czechia | 2,000 | 12.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Romania | 2,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Origin not reported | Latvia | 1,980 | 26.7% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Origin not reported | Poland | 1,624 | 35.9% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Netherlands | Slovakia | 1,168 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Hungary | 1,000 | 3.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Hungary | 1,000 | 3.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | France | 1,000 | 0.2% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Other EU member states | Lithuania | 700 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Poland | 204 | 4.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Greece | 29 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-11 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-11 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the jet fuel was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-11, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2025-11 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Croatia, Estonia, Finland. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.