Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In December 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 2,462 kt of jet fuel; the largest origins outside the EU were Kuwait (20%), India (11%) and Saudi Arabia (6%), and 41% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
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Where the oil was produced
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Germany | 461,296 | 89.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | France | 304,000 | 63.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (29) | Other EU (16) | 180,417 | — | Summed by usSum of 14 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| India | Netherlands | 167,231 | 29.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (29) | France | 163,000 | 34.0% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kuwait | Netherlands | 152,760 | 27.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (29) | Ireland | 116,041 | 92.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 108,600 | 75.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Italy | 94,941 | 51.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 93,564 | 16.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (29) | Italy | 89,015 | 48.4% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (29) | Netherlands | 84,002 | 15.0% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 64,162 | 11.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Spain | 61,495 | 60.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Other EU (16) | 51,580 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (29) | Denmark | 45,000 | 54.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (29) | Spain | 40,795 | 39.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Denmark | 37,000 | 45.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 32,432 | 6.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Other EU (16) | 30,959 | — | Summed by usSum of 7 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (29) | Belgium | 28,300 | 19.7% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (29) | Germany | 21,447 | 4.2% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Ireland | 9,956 | 7.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 8,000 | 1.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Belgium | 6,600 | 4.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 5,000 | 1.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Other EU (16) | 2,700 | 9.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Other EU (16) | 1,334 | 47.4% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
Source & method
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-12 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the jet fuel was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-12, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2025-12 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Croatia, Estonia, Finland. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.