Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In December 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 2,462 kt of jet fuel; the largest origins outside the EU were Kuwait (20%), India (11%) and Saudi Arabia (6%), and 41% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
Kuwait500 kt (20%)India262 kt (11%)Saudi Arabia158 kt (6%)United Kingdom119 kt (5%)Oman97 kt (4%)South Korea75 kt (3%)Egypt54 kt (2%)Bahrain45 kt (2%)Other origins outside the EU132 kt (5%)Netherlands609 kt (25%)Belgium163 kt (7%)Greece88 kt (4%)Spain49 kt (2%)Other EU member states109 kt (4%)Origin not reported1.3 kt (<1%)Netherlands562 kt (23%)Germany515 kt (21%)France480 kt (19%)Italy184 kt (7%)Belgium144 kt (6%)Ireland126 kt (5%)Spain102 kt (4%)Denmark82 kt (3%)Luxembourg54 kt (2%)Slovenia38 kt (2%)Sweden33 kt (1%)Hungary28 kt (1%)Portugal27 kt (1%)Malta21 kt (<1%)Czechia17 kt (<1%)Cyprus15 kt (<1%)Greece7.1 kt (<1%)Romania7.0 kt (<1%)Austria6.5 kt (<1%)Latvia4.7 kt (<1%)Bulgaria3.0 kt (<1%)Slovakia3.0 kt (<1%)Poland2.8 kt (<1%)Lithuania0.8 kt (<1%)
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Where the oil was produced
- Kuwait500 kt (20%)
- India262 kt (11%)
- Saudi Arabia158 kt (6%)
- United Kingdom119 kt (5%)
- Oman97 kt (4%)
- South Korea75 kt (3%)
- Egypt54 kt (2%)
- Bahrain45 kt (2%)
- Other origins outside the EU132 kt (5%)
- Netherlands609 kt (25%)
- Belgium163 kt (7%)
- Greece88 kt (4%)
- Spain49 kt (2%)
- Other EU member states109 kt (4%)
- Origin not reported1.3 kt (<1%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Germany | 461,296 | 89.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | France | 304,000 | 63.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Netherlands | 167,231 | 29.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Netherlands | 152,760 | 27.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Ireland | 116,041 | 92.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 108,600 | 75.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Oman | France | 97,000 | 20.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Italy | 94,941 | 51.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 93,564 | 16.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 64,162 | 11.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Spain | 61,495 | 60.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Egypt | Italy | 54,107 | 29.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| South Korea | Netherlands | 52,520 | 9.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Bahrain | Denmark | 45,000 | 54.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Greece | Spain | 40,795 | 39.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 39,000 | 8.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Greece | Slovenia | 38,000 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Denmark | 37,000 | 45.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 32,432 | 6.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Luxembourg | 31,221 | 58.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Italy | 27,971 | 15.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Spain | France | 26,000 | 5.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Belgium | 23,400 | 16.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| South Korea | Portugal | 22,379 | 81.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Luxembourg | 19,485 | 36.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Hungary | 18,800 | 67.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Sweden | 17,345 | 53.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Netherlands | 16,839 | 3.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 15,213 | 46.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Czechia | 15,000 | 88.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Netherlands | 14,643 | 2.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 14,028 | 2.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Cyprus | 13,274 | 88.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Ireland | 9,956 | 7.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Malta | 9,457 | 45.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 8,000 | 1.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 7,419 | 1.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Greece | Malta | 7,230 | 34.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Greece | 7,145 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Romania | 7,000 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 6,937 | 3.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Kuwait | Belgium | 6,600 | 4.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Portugal | 5,067 | 18.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 5,000 | 1.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Belgium | 4,900 | 3.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Latvia | 4,687 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Malta | 4,026 | 19.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Austria | 3,781 | 58.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Bulgaria | 3,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Luxembourg | 2,901 | 5.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Hungary | 2,900 | 10.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Austria | 2,737 | 42.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Hungary | 2,700 | 9.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Slovakia | 2,162 | 72.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Czechia | 2,000 | 11.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Hungary | 1,800 | 6.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Greece | Cyprus | 1,751 | 11.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Hungary | 1,500 | 5.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Poland | 1,379 | 49.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Poland | 1,334 | 47.4% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Other EU member states | France | 1,000 | 0.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Slovakia | 814 | 27.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Lithuania | 800 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Poland | 102 | 3.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-12 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-12 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the jet fuel was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-12, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2025-12 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Croatia, Estonia, Finland. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.