Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In August 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 2,004 kt of petrol, and 89% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
United Kingdom97 kt (5%)Other origins outside the EU109 kt (5%)Netherlands381 kt (19%)Germany297 kt (15%)Belgium282 kt (14%)Italy112 kt (6%)Sweden111 kt (6%)Slovakia89 kt (4%)Finland79 kt (4%)France77 kt (4%)Denmark60 kt (3%)Greece60 kt (3%)Czechia60 kt (3%)Other EU member states185 kt (9%)Origin not reported5.0 kt (<1%)Netherlands457 kt (23%)Germany268 kt (13%)Belgium179 kt (9%)France164 kt (8%)Austria121 kt (6%)Slovenia92 kt (5%)Poland91 kt (5%)Sweden87 kt (4%)Czechia70 kt (3%)Finland66 kt (3%)Spain56 kt (3%)Denmark55 kt (3%)Hungary43 kt (2%)Luxembourg40 kt (2%)Italy34 kt (2%)Cyprus28 kt (1%)Bulgaria25 kt (1%)Portugal23 kt (1%)Ireland20 kt (<1%)Estonia19 kt (<1%)Malta15 kt (<1%)Slovakia15 kt (<1%)Latvia14 kt (<1%)Croatia11 kt (<1%)Romania6.0 kt (<1%)Lithuania5.0 kt (<1%)
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Where the oil was produced
- United Kingdom97 kt (5%)
- Other origins outside the EU109 kt (5%)
- Netherlands381 kt (19%)
- Germany297 kt (15%)
- Belgium282 kt (14%)
- Italy112 kt (6%)
- Sweden111 kt (6%)
- Slovakia89 kt (4%)
- Finland79 kt (4%)
- France77 kt (4%)
- Denmark60 kt (3%)
- Greece60 kt (3%)
- Czechia60 kt (3%)
- Other EU member states185 kt (9%)
- Origin not reported5.0 kt (<1%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Netherlands | 193,090 | 42.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Germany | 170,548 | 63.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 96,000 | 58.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 94,279 | 20.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Austria | 83,953 | 69.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Slovenia | 77,000 | 83.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 68,000 | 37.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Finland | 66,000 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Poland | 51,642 | 56.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 51,300 | 28.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Sweden | 47,518 | 54.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Netherlands | 45,916 | 10.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| France | Belgium | 44,000 | 24.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Sweden | 39,604 | 45.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 36,600 | 13.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Czechia | 31,000 | 44.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Spain | 29,918 | 53.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Greece | Italy | 29,045 | 85.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Czechia | 29,000 | 41.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Luxembourg | 28,221 | 70.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Netherlands | 28,015 | 6.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Poland | 27,383 | 30.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Hungary | 27,000 | 62.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | France | 24,000 | 14.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 24,000 | 14.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Bulgaria | 23,472 | 95.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Finland | Netherlands | 23,290 | 5.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Denmark | 23,000 | 41.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Austria | 20,894 | 17.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Netherlands | 20,884 | 4.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Germany | 19,997 | 7.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Ireland | 19,623 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Portugal | 19,459 | 85.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Netherlands | 19,145 | 4.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Estonia | 19,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Sweden | Denmark | 18,000 | 32.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 17,452 | 3.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Spain | 16,250 | 28.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Greece | Cyprus | 15,926 | 56.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Austria | 15,838 | 13.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Greece | Malta | 15,361 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Netherlands | 15,127 | 3.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Slovenia | 15,000 | 16.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | France | 14,000 | 8.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Hungary | 14,000 | 32.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 13,969 | 5.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Slovakia | Germany | 12,530 | 4.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Cyprus | 12,049 | 43.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Sweden | Germany | 11,250 | 4.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Latvia | 11,148 | 80.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Czechia | Slovakia | 10,180 | 70.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Croatia | 9,912 | 86.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Luxembourg | 9,030 | 22.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Czechia | 9,000 | 12.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Slovakia | Poland | 7,335 | 8.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Denmark | 7,000 | 12.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 7,000 | 12.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Belgium | 5,500 | 3.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Belgium | 5,500 | 3.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| France | Spain | 5,247 | 9.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Italy | 5,004 | 14.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Finland | Lithuania | 5,000 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Belgium | 5,000 | 2.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | France | 5,000 | 3.0% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Other EU member states | Poland | 4,880 | 5.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Slovakia | 4,341 | 29.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Portugal | 3,369 | 14.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Romania | 3,000 | 50.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Slovakia | Romania | 3,000 | 50.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Spain | 2,991 | 5.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Latvia | 2,748 | 19.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Luxembourg | 2,659 | 6.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Hungary | 2,000 | 4.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Spain | 1,997 | 3.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 1,740 | 0.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Croatia | 1,548 | 13.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 1,187 | 0.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Bulgaria | 1,069 | 4.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Czechia | 1,000 | 1.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | France | 1,000 | 0.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Germany | 487 | 0.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
4 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2023-08 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2023-08 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the petrol was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-08, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2023-08 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Greece. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.