Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In October 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 1,910 kt of petrol, and 89% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
United Kingdom74 kt (4%)Other origins outside the EU127 kt (7%)Belgium342 kt (18%)Netherlands313 kt (16%)Germany260 kt (14%)Sweden123 kt (6%)Greece104 kt (5%)Denmark84 kt (4%)Spain64 kt (3%)Slovakia59 kt (3%)Czechia50 kt (3%)Finland49 kt (3%)Austria46 kt (2%)Other EU member states214 kt (11%)Origin not reported2.0 kt (<1%)Netherlands587 kt (31%)Germany305 kt (16%)France136 kt (7%)Belgium119 kt (6%)Poland98 kt (5%)Spain73 kt (4%)Sweden71 kt (4%)Italy65 kt (3%)Czechia61 kt (3%)Slovenia58 kt (3%)Finland52 kt (3%)Austria50 kt (3%)Hungary34 kt (2%)Luxembourg33 kt (2%)Cyprus27 kt (1%)Ireland24 kt (1%)Denmark19 kt (<1%)Portugal17 kt (<1%)Bulgaria17 kt (<1%)Estonia16 kt (<1%)Slovakia13 kt (<1%)Croatia13 kt (<1%)Latvia12 kt (<1%)Romania5.0 kt (<1%)Lithuania3.7 kt (<1%)Maltaless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
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Where the oil was produced
- United Kingdom74 kt (4%)
- Other origins outside the EU127 kt (7%)
- Belgium342 kt (18%)
- Netherlands313 kt (16%)
- Germany260 kt (14%)
- Sweden123 kt (6%)
- Greece104 kt (5%)
- Denmark84 kt (4%)
- Spain64 kt (3%)
- Slovakia59 kt (3%)
- Czechia50 kt (3%)
- Finland49 kt (3%)
- Austria46 kt (2%)
- Other EU member states214 kt (11%)
- Origin not reported2.0 kt (<1%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Netherlands | 175,909 | 30.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 129,952 | 42.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Germany | 128,206 | 42.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 96,294 | 16.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 88,000 | 64.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Netherlands | 72,707 | 12.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 71,000 | 59.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Greece | Italy | 59,995 | 92.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Poland | 54,207 | 55.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Netherlands | 52,696 | 9.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Finland | 52,000 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 51,959 | 8.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Netherlands | 50,454 | 8.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Netherlands | 49,721 | 8.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Austria | 40,218 | 79.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Sweden | 37,549 | 52.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Czechia | 37,000 | 60.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Slovenia | 37,000 | 63.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Netherlands | 36,957 | 6.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Spain | 35,842 | 49.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Denmark | Sweden | 33,950 | 47.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Belgium | 31,700 | 26.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Luxembourg | 30,856 | 92.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Greece | Spain | 27,039 | 37.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | France | 25,000 | 18.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Poland | 23,844 | 24.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Austria | Slovenia | 21,000 | 36.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Poland | 20,068 | 20.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Slovakia | Czechia | 20,000 | 32.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Denmark | 19,000 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Greece | Cyprus | 17,183 | 64.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Bulgaria | 15,863 | 95.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | Ireland | 15,680 | 66.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Germany | 15,146 | 5.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 15,000 | 11.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 14,223 | 4.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Slovakia | Hungary | 14,000 | 41.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Austria | Hungary | 12,000 | 35.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Estonia | 12,000 | 75.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Spain | Portugal | 10,882 | 63.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Belgium | 10,300 | 8.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Spain | 10,151 | 13.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Slovakia | 10,033 | 75.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Cyprus | 9,544 | 35.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Latvia | 9,255 | 74.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Slovakia | Austria | 8,337 | 16.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Ireland | 7,925 | 33.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Hungary | 7,000 | 20.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 6,533 | 2.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Portugal | 6,360 | 36.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Germany | 6,217 | 2.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Belgium | 6,200 | 5.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Croatia | 5,860 | 46.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Croatia | 5,049 | 39.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | France | 5,000 | 3.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Austria | Czechia | 4,000 | 6.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Estonia | 4,000 | 25.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Romania | 4,000 | 80.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Lithuania | 3,700 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Austria | Germany | 3,456 | 1.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Latvia | 3,189 | 25.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Austria | Slovakia | 2,961 | 22.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Italy | 2,478 | 3.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Austria | Italy | 2,197 | 3.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | France | 2,000 | 1.5% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Other EU member states | Austria | 1,807 | 3.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Croatia | 1,775 | 14.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Luxembourg | 1,310 | 3.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Luxembourg | 1,044 | 3.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Hungary | 1,000 | 2.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Romania | 1,000 | 20.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Sweden | France | 1,000 | 0.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Germany | 800 | 0.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Bulgaria | 776 | 4.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Finland | Germany | 594 | 0.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Slovakia | 333 | 2.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Slovakia | Poland | 169 | 0.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Greece | Malta | 6 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2023-10 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2023-10 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the petrol was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-10, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2023-10 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Greece. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.