Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In November 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 1,918 kt of petrol, and 90% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Netherlands436 kt (23%)Belgium416 kt (22%)Germany224 kt (12%)Sweden116 kt (6%)Finland80 kt (4%)Other origins (23)640 kt (33%)Origin not reported7.0 kt (<1%)Netherlands590 kt (31%)Germany380 kt (20%)France141 kt (7%)Belgium103 kt (5%)Portugal86 kt (4%)Sweden74 kt (4%)Poland67 kt (4%)Czechia58 kt (3%)Other EU (18)419 kt (22%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Where the oil was produced
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Netherlands | 266,865 | 45.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (23) | Other EU (18) | 223,069 | — | Summed by usSum of 15 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Germany | 192,590 | 50.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (23) | Netherlands | 154,160 | 26.1% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (23) | Germany | 95,147 | 25.1% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | France | 95,000 | 67.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 90,589 | 23.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 83,959 | 14.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Other EU (18) | 67,000 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Germany | Poland | 56,498 | 83.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (23) | Belgium | 54,200 | 52.5% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Other EU (18) | 52,480 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 47,900 | 46.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Netherlands | 47,185 | 8.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Other EU (18) | 38,114 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Finland | Netherlands | 37,659 | 6.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Portugal | 36,372 | 42.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (23) | Sweden | 33,974 | 45.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Czechia | 31,000 | 53.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Portugal | 29,955 | 34.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Sweden | 29,753 | 40.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Other EU (18) | 26,827 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (23) | Czechia | 26,000 | 44.8% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (23) | France | 23,000 | 16.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins (23) | Portugal | 19,653 | 22.9% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Germany | France | 13,000 | 9.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Other EU (18) | 11,700 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (23) | Poland | 10,963 | 16.3% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 10,262 | 13.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | France | 7,000 | 5.0% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Belgium | France | 2,000 | 1.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Belgium | 1,200 | 1.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Czechia | 1,000 | 1.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | France | 1,000 | 0.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Germany | 954 | 0.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Germany | 462 | 0.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2023-11 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2023-11 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the petrol was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-11, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2023-11 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Greece. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.