Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In November 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 1,918 kt of petrol, and 90% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
United Kingdom71 kt (4%)Algeria41 kt (2%)Other origins outside the EU82 kt (4%)Netherlands436 kt (23%)Belgium416 kt (22%)Germany224 kt (12%)Sweden116 kt (6%)Finland80 kt (4%)Slovakia77 kt (4%)France67 kt (4%)Denmark60 kt (3%)Austria54 kt (3%)Czechia41 kt (2%)Other EU member states148 kt (8%)Origin not reported7.0 kt (<1%)Netherlands590 kt (31%)Germany380 kt (20%)France141 kt (7%)Belgium103 kt (5%)Portugal86 kt (4%)Sweden74 kt (4%)Poland67 kt (4%)Czechia58 kt (3%)Finland55 kt (3%)Austria46 kt (2%)Hungary43 kt (2%)Ireland40 kt (2%)Slovenia34 kt (2%)Denmark33 kt (2%)Luxembourg28 kt (1%)Spain24 kt (1%)Estonia20 kt (1%)Bulgaria19 kt (<1%)Cyprus17 kt (<1%)Malta15 kt (<1%)Slovakia14 kt (<1%)Croatia14 kt (<1%)Latvia8.3 kt (<1%)Romania5.0 kt (<1%)Lithuania2.7 kt (<1%)Italy2.2 kt (<1%)
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Country it was last shipped from
- United Kingdom71 kt (4%)
- Algeria41 kt (2%)
- Other origins outside the EU82 kt (4%)
- Netherlands436 kt (23%)
- Belgium416 kt (22%)
- Germany224 kt (12%)
- Sweden116 kt (6%)
- Finland80 kt (4%)
- Slovakia77 kt (4%)
- France67 kt (4%)
- Denmark60 kt (3%)
- Austria54 kt (3%)
- Czechia41 kt (2%)
- Other EU member states148 kt (8%)
- Origin not reported7.0 kt (<1%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country last shipped from
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Netherlands | 266,865 | 45.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Germany | 192,590 | 50.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 95,000 | 67.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 90,589 | 23.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 83,959 | 14.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Poland | 56,498 | 83.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Finland | 55,000 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| France | Belgium | 48,800 | 47.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 47,900 | 46.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Netherlands | 47,185 | 8.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Netherlands | 40,632 | 6.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Finland | Netherlands | 37,659 | 6.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Portugal | 36,372 | 42.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Austria | 35,045 | 76.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Sweden | 33,974 | 45.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Czechia | 31,000 | 53.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Portugal | 29,955 | 34.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Finland | Sweden | 29,753 | 40.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Germany | 25,844 | 6.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Netherlands | 25,782 | 4.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Netherlands | 25,464 | 4.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Czechia | Germany | 24,141 | 6.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 23,000 | 16.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Spain | 22,916 | 97.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Luxembourg | 22,818 | 82.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Netherlands | 22,392 | 3.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 21,809 | 5.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 21,572 | 3.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Czechia | 21,000 | 36.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Hungary | 20,000 | 46.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Ireland | 19,699 | 49.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Bulgaria | 18,417 | 99.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| France | Netherlands | 18,318 | 3.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Slovenia | 18,000 | 52.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 17,258 | 4.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Slovenia | 16,000 | 47.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Estonia | 16,000 | 80.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | Ireland | 15,924 | 40.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Malta | 15,322 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Cyprus | 13,064 | 75.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | France | 13,000 | 9.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Denmark | 12,000 | 36.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Portugal | 11,687 | 13.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Hungary | 11,000 | 25.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 10,262 | 13.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Hungary | 10,000 | 23.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Austria | 9,961 | 21.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Slovakia | 9,129 | 65.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Latvia | 8,271 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 8,000 | 24.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Denmark | 8,000 | 24.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Portugal | 7,966 | 9.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Croatia | 7,768 | 55.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Origin not reported | France | 7,000 | 5.0% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Austria | Germany | 5,932 | 1.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Poland | 5,517 | 8.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Belgium | 5,400 | 5.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Austria | Czechia | 5,000 | 8.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Finland | Denmark | 5,000 | 15.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Poland | 4,808 | 7.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Croatia | 4,743 | 33.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Slovakia | 4,595 | 32.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Cyprus | 4,298 | 24.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Ireland | 4,009 | 10.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Finland | Estonia | 4,000 | 20.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Romania | 4,000 | 80.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Luxembourg | 3,069 | 11.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Finland | Lithuania | 2,700 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Italy | 2,170 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 2,000 | 1.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Hungary | 2,000 | 4.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Luxembourg | 1,865 | 6.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Croatia | 1,484 | 10.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Belgium | 1,200 | 1.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Czechia | 1,000 | 1.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Sweden | France | 1,000 | 0.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Romania | 1,000 | 20.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Germany | 954 | 0.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Austria | 848 | 1.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Poland | 638 | 0.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Finland | Germany | 462 | 0.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Spain | 353 | 1.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| France | Spain | 282 | 1.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Slovakia | 278 | 2.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Bulgaria | 162 | 0.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
3 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2023-11 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2023-11 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined.
Left: the country the petrol was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-11, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2023-11 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Greece. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): for refined products, the country the fuel was last shipped from, as each EU member state reports it; it may be a trading hub rather than where the fuel was refined. The customs basis is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states may be fuel refined there or fuel only shipped on from elsewhere; they are grouped separately.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.