Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In November 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 1,918 kt of petrol, and 90% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Country it was last shipped from
- Colour = importing country:
- Netherlands
- Germany
- France
- Belgium
- Portugal
- Other EU (21)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country last shipped from
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Netherlands | 266,865 | 45.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (20) | Other EU (21) | 218,288 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Germany | 192,590 | 50.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Other EU (21) | 125,612 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (20) | Netherlands | 114,270 | 19.4% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | France | 95,000 | 67.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 90,589 | 23.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 83,959 | 14.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Other EU (21) | 67,000 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Other EU (21) | 63,742 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (20) | Germany | 52,044 | 13.7% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Slovakia | Other EU (21) | 51,512 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| France | Belgium | 48,800 | 47.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 47,900 | 46.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Netherlands | 47,185 | 8.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Finland | Other EU (21) | 41,453 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Finland | Netherlands | 37,659 | 6.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Portugal | 36,372 | 42.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Portugal | 29,955 | 34.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Other EU (21) | 26,827 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Slovakia | Germany | 25,844 | 6.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Other EU (21) | 23,924 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (20) | France | 23,000 | 16.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 21,572 | 3.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| France | Netherlands | 18,318 | 3.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 17,258 | 4.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | France | 13,000 | 9.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (20) | Portugal | 11,687 | 13.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | Portugal | 7,966 | 9.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | France | 7,000 | 5.0% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Other origins (20) | Belgium | 5,400 | 5.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | France | 2,000 | 1.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Belgium | 1,200 | 1.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Sweden | France | 1,000 | 0.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Germany | 954 | 0.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Finland | Germany | 462 | 0.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| France | Other EU (21) | 282 | 1.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2023-11 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined.
Left: the country the petrol was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-11, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2023-11 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Greece. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): for refined products, the country the fuel was last shipped from, as each EU member state reports it; it may be a trading hub rather than where the fuel was refined. The customs basis is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states may be fuel refined there or fuel only shipped on from elsewhere; they are grouped separately.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.