Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In December 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 1,873 kt of petrol; the largest origins outside the EU were the United Kingdom (5%), and 86% came from other EU member states.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
United Kingdom100 kt (5%)Algeria62 kt (3%)Other origins outside the EU94 kt (5%)Netherlands285 kt (15%)Germany279 kt (15%)Belgium271 kt (14%)Greece126 kt (7%)Sweden94 kt (5%)Finland91 kt (5%)France87 kt (5%)Spain78 kt (4%)Denmark65 kt (3%)Slovakia64 kt (3%)Other EU member states177 kt (9%)Netherlands615 kt (33%)Germany257 kt (14%)France138 kt (7%)Poland110 kt (6%)Belgium97 kt (5%)Italy71 kt (4%)Finland57 kt (3%)Sweden56 kt (3%)Czechia51 kt (3%)Slovenia50 kt (3%)Spain49 kt (3%)Denmark44 kt (2%)Austria42 kt (2%)Hungary38 kt (2%)Cyprus37 kt (2%)Luxembourg30 kt (2%)Portugal26 kt (1%)Ireland20 kt (1%)Estonia17 kt (<1%)Latvia16 kt (<1%)Croatia15 kt (<1%)Slovakia14 kt (<1%)Bulgaria9.8 kt (<1%)Romania7.0 kt (<1%)Lithuania6.1 kt (<1%)Greece0.5 kt (<1%)Maltaless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
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Country it was last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country last shipped from
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Netherlands | 199,189 | 32.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Germany | 132,337 | 51.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Poland | 98,501 | 89.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 87,860 | 14.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 73,000 | 52.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Greece | Italy | 63,963 | 89.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Netherlands | 61,823 | 10.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Finland | 57,000 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 55,965 | 9.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| France | Belgium | 48,800 | 50.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Spain | Netherlands | 48,663 | 7.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 46,715 | 18.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Finland | Netherlands | 41,379 | 6.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| France | Netherlands | 38,415 | 6.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Austria | 35,589 | 84.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 33,500 | 34.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Greece | Slovenia | 33,000 | 66.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Sweden | 32,592 | 58.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Netherlands | 32,408 | 5.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Hungary | 32,000 | 84.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Spain | 30,989 | 63.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Czechia | 30,000 | 58.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Netherlands | 29,472 | 4.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 28,000 | 20.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Greece | Cyprus | 27,954 | 76.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 24,516 | 9.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Luxembourg | 23,463 | 78.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Germany | 23,001 | 8.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 21,706 | 8.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Finland | Sweden | 20,344 | 36.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | France | 20,000 | 14.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Netherlands | 19,918 | 3.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Spain | 18,034 | 36.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Slovenia | 17,000 | 34.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | Ireland | 15,956 | 79.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Denmark | 15,000 | 34.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Czechia | 15,000 | 29.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Spain | Portugal | 14,859 | 57.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Spain | France | 14,000 | 10.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Finland | Denmark | 14,000 | 31.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Estonia | 14,000 | 82.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Slovakia | 13,521 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Belgium | 12,300 | 12.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Slovakia | Croatia | 11,565 | 78.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Portugal | 11,027 | 42.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Poland | 10,474 | 9.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Latvia | 10,456 | 63.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Denmark | 9,000 | 20.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Cyprus | 8,684 | 23.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Bulgaria | 8,364 | 85.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 8,082 | 3.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Slovakia | Austria | 6,427 | 15.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Finland | Lithuania | 6,100 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 6,000 | 13.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Czechia | 6,000 | 11.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Romania | 6,000 | 85.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Slovakia | Hungary | 6,000 | 15.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Finland | Latvia | 5,927 | 36.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Luxembourg | 5,126 | 17.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Italy | 4,999 | 7.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Ireland | 4,172 | 20.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 3,179 | 5.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Finland | Estonia | 3,000 | 17.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 2,195 | 3.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Belgium | 2,100 | 2.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 2,000 | 1.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Croatia | 1,710 | 11.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Croatia | 1,561 | 10.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Luxembourg | 1,132 | 3.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Sweden | France | 1,000 | 0.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Romania | 1,000 | 14.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Greece | Bulgaria | 927 | 9.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Germany | 669 | 0.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Poland | 642 | 0.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Greece | 522 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Bulgaria | 514 | 5.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Finland | Germany | 314 | 0.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| France | Spain | 177 | 0.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Austria | 108 | 0.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| France | Portugal | 69 | 0.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Austria | 69 | 0.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Greece | Malta | 6 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2023-12 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2023-12 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined.
Left: the country the petrol was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-12, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2023-12 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): for refined products, the country the fuel was last shipped from, as each EU member state reports it; it may be a trading hub rather than where the fuel was refined. The customs basis is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states may be fuel refined there or fuel only shipped on from elsewhere; they are grouped separately.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.