Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In December 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 1,873 kt of petrol; the largest origins outside the EU were the United Kingdom (5%), and 86% came from other EU member states.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Netherlands285 kt (15%)Germany279 kt (15%)Belgium271 kt (14%)Greece126 kt (7%)United Kingdom100 kt (5%)Sweden94 kt (5%)Finland91 kt (5%)France87 kt (5%)Other origins (20)539 kt (29%)Netherlands615 kt (33%)Germany257 kt (14%)France138 kt (7%)Poland110 kt (6%)Belgium97 kt (5%)Other EU (22)656 kt (35%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Country it was last shipped from
- Colour = importing country:
- Netherlands
- Germany
- France
- Poland
- Belgium
- Other EU (22)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country last shipped from
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other origins (20) | Other EU (22) | 246,027 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 199,189 | 32.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (20) | Netherlands | 172,366 | 28.0% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Germany | 132,337 | 51.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Greece | Other EU (22) | 125,850 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Germany | Poland | 98,501 | 89.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 87,860 | 14.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 73,000 | 52.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Other EU (22) | 72,000 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Germany | Other EU (22) | 70,717 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 55,965 | 9.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (20) | Germany | 55,645 | 21.6% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Finland | Other EU (22) | 49,371 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| France | Belgium | 48,800 | 50.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 46,715 | 18.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Other EU (22) | 46,544 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (20) | France | 42,000 | 30.4% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Finland | Netherlands | 41,379 | 6.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| France | Netherlands | 38,415 | 6.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 33,500 | 34.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Other EU (22) | 23,463 | 78.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Other EU (22) | 22,064 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 21,706 | 8.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | France | 20,000 | 14.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Netherlands | 19,918 | 3.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (20) | Belgium | 12,300 | 12.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins (20) | Poland | 11,116 | 10.1% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Germany | Belgium | 2,100 | 2.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 2,000 | 1.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Sweden | France | 1,000 | 0.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Germany | 669 | 0.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Finland | Germany | 314 | 0.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| France | Other EU (22) | 246 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
Source & method
Source Period 2023-12 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2023-12 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined.
Left: the country the petrol was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-12, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2023-12 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): for refined products, the country the fuel was last shipped from, as each EU member state reports it; it may be a trading hub rather than where the fuel was refined. The customs basis is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states may be fuel refined there or fuel only shipped on from elsewhere; they are grouped separately.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.