Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In March 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 2,217 kt of petrol; the largest origins outside the EU were the United Kingdom (6%), and 87% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
United Kingdom129 kt (6%)Other origins outside the EU152 kt (7%)Germany357 kt (16%)Netherlands289 kt (13%)Belgium275 kt (12%)Italy168 kt (8%)Sweden159 kt (7%)Spain112 kt (5%)Slovakia92 kt (4%)Finland78 kt (4%)Austria61 kt (3%)Lithuania59 kt (3%)Czechia48 kt (2%)Other EU member states238 kt (11%)Origin not reported2.0 kt (<1%)Netherlands701 kt (32%)Germany273 kt (12%)Spain208 kt (9%)France184 kt (8%)Poland120 kt (5%)Italy87 kt (4%)Czechia75 kt (3%)Belgium66 kt (3%)Sweden62 kt (3%)Austria51 kt (2%)Latvia50 kt (2%)Finland49 kt (2%)Slovenia43 kt (2%)Hungary42 kt (2%)Denmark38 kt (2%)Luxembourg33 kt (2%)Ireland24 kt (1%)Cyprus21 kt (<1%)Estonia19 kt (<1%)Slovakia17 kt (<1%)Bulgaria17 kt (<1%)Croatia15 kt (<1%)Portugal10 kt (<1%)Romania8.0 kt (<1%)Lithuania3.4 kt (<1%)Maltaless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
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Where the oil was produced
- United Kingdom129 kt (6%)
- Other origins outside the EU152 kt (7%)
- Germany357 kt (16%)
- Netherlands289 kt (13%)
- Belgium275 kt (12%)
- Italy168 kt (8%)
- Sweden159 kt (7%)
- Spain112 kt (5%)
- Slovakia92 kt (4%)
- Finland78 kt (4%)
- Austria61 kt (3%)
- Lithuania59 kt (3%)
- Czechia48 kt (2%)
- Other EU member states238 kt (11%)
- Origin not reported2.0 kt (<1%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Netherlands | 187,270 | 26.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Germany | 134,507 | 49.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 133,611 | 19.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 108,000 | 58.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Netherlands | 94,901 | 13.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Poland | 88,277 | 73.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 79,568 | 11.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Spain | 71,708 | 34.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Spain | 65,848 | 31.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Netherlands | 62,747 | 9.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Spain | Netherlands | 60,668 | 8.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Germany | 48,475 | 17.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Spain | 45,580 | 21.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Germany | 45,165 | 16.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Austria | 45,024 | 88.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Finland | 44,000 | 89.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Italy | 41,375 | 47.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Czechia | 41,000 | 54.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Latvia | 40,656 | 81.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 40,408 | 46.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Italy | Netherlands | 38,567 | 5.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 36,000 | 19.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Finland | Sweden | 33,250 | 54.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Slovenia | 33,000 | 76.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 27,000 | 40.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Luxembourg | 26,639 | 80.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 26,500 | 39.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Austria | Hungary | 25,100 | 59.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Czechia | 24,000 | 32.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Lithuania | Netherlands | 23,168 | 3.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Ireland | 22,028 | 93.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Netherlands | 20,442 | 2.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Sweden | 19,256 | 31.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Italy | France | 19,000 | 10.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Lithuania | Estonia | 19,000 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Germany | 18,652 | 6.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Austria | Germany | 18,217 | 6.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Denmark | 18,000 | 47.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Spain | 16,687 | 8.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Poland | 16,174 | 13.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | France | 15,000 | 8.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Croatia | 14,500 | 94.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Bulgaria | 12,078 | 71.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Czechia | Slovakia | 10,602 | 60.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Cyprus | 10,454 | 49.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Austria | Czechia | 10,000 | 13.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Denmark | 10,000 | 26.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Denmark | 10,000 | 26.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Slovenia | 10,000 | 23.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Slovakia | Hungary | 10,000 | 23.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Portugal | 9,965 | 99.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Sweden | 9,060 | 14.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Lithuania | Latvia | 8,872 | 17.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Belgium | 8,100 | 12.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Romania | 8,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Spain | 7,939 | 3.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Lithuania | Poland | 7,914 | 6.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Luxembourg | 6,646 | 20.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Austria | Slovakia | 6,483 | 37.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Poland | 6,340 | 5.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Cyprus | 5,994 | 28.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Hungary | 5,500 | 13.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Italy | 5,224 | 6.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 5,084 | 1.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Finland | 5,000 | 10.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Belgium | 4,800 | 7.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Cyprus | 4,617 | 21.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Finland | Lithuania | 3,400 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Bulgaria | 3,305 | 19.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | France | 3,000 | 1.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Austria | 2,780 | 5.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Slovakia | Austria | 2,734 | 5.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | France | 2,000 | 1.1% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Czechia | Hungary | 1,600 | 3.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Bulgaria | 1,593 | 9.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Ireland | 1,501 | 6.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | France | 1,000 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Austria | Poland | 994 | 0.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 980 | 0.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Croatia | 900 | 5.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Sweden | Germany | 837 | 0.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Poland | 793 | 0.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Czechia | Austria | 624 | 1.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Latvia | 612 | 1.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Finland | Germany | 399 | 0.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Slovakia | 340 | 2.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Portugal | 88 | 0.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Malta | 6 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
4 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-03 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-03 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the petrol was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-03, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2025-03 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Greece. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.