Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In May 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 2,357 kt of petrol; the largest origins outside the EU were the United Kingdom (6%), and 80% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Country it was last shipped from
- Colour = importing country:
- Netherlands
- Germany
- Spain
- France
- Belgium
- Other EU (21)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country last shipped from
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other origins (26) | Other EU (21) | 280,988 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Germany | 235,366 | 63.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Other EU (21) | 188,282 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (26) | Spain | 179,749 | 75.7% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (26) | Netherlands | 161,666 | 24.9% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 110,906 | 17.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 98,522 | 15.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Other EU (21) | 94,649 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Germany | Netherlands | 94,329 | 14.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 87,000 | 43.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (26) | Germany | 81,174 | 21.9% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Sweden | Netherlands | 74,351 | 11.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 66,300 | 49.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Spain | Netherlands | 59,474 | 9.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 51,681 | 13.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Finland | Netherlands | 50,731 | 7.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Finland | Other EU (21) | 45,003 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Italy | Spain | 43,421 | 18.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (26) | Belgium | 41,500 | 30.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | France | 36,000 | 17.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Spain | Other EU (21) | 35,134 | 87.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Italy | Other EU (21) | 34,005 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United Kingdom | Other EU (21) | 32,791 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Other EU (21) | 31,198 | 84.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (26) | France | 27,000 | 13.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Spain | Belgium | 25,500 | 19.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Spain | France | 24,000 | 11.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Other EU (21) | 19,587 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Germany | France | 17,000 | 8.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Spain | 14,180 | 6.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | France | 8,000 | 4.0% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 2,245 | 0.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Italy | France | 2,000 | 1.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Belgium | 1,000 | 0.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Sweden | France | 1,000 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Germany | 679 | 0.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-05 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined.
Left: the country the petrol was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-05, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2025-05 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Greece. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): for refined products, the country the fuel was last shipped from, as each EU member state reports it; it may be a trading hub rather than where the fuel was refined. The customs basis is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states may be fuel refined there or fuel only shipped on from elsewhere; they are grouped separately.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.