Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In August 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 2,479 kt of naphtha; the largest origins outside the EU were Algeria (13%), and 72% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
Aug 2023
Latest month all EU members reported
| 2026 | |
|---|---|
| 2025 | |
| 2024 | |
| 2023 |
Algeria317 kt (13%)Türkiye96 kt (4%)United States86 kt (3%)India75 kt (3%)Other origins outside the EU121 kt (5%)Belgium692 kt (28%)Germany327 kt (13%)Netherlands236 kt (10%)France108 kt (4%)Spain96 kt (4%)Finland78 kt (3%)Denmark70 kt (3%)Portugal64 kt (3%)Other EU member states110 kt (4%)Origin not reported2.0 kt (<1%)Netherlands1.53 Mt (62%)Belgium295 kt (12%)Germany279 kt (11%)France166 kt (7%)Italy59 kt (2%)Greece48 kt (2%)Sweden30 kt (1%)Finland22 kt (<1%)Spain20 kt (<1%)Portugal12 kt (<1%)Czechia10 kt (<1%)Hungary9.0 kt (<1%)
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Where the oil was produced
- Algeria317 kt (13%)
- Türkiye96 kt (4%)
- United States86 kt (3%)
- India75 kt (3%)
- Other origins outside the EU121 kt (5%)
- Belgium692 kt (28%)
- Germany327 kt (13%)
- Netherlands236 kt (10%)
- France108 kt (4%)
- Spain96 kt (4%)
- Finland78 kt (3%)
- Denmark70 kt (3%)
- Portugal64 kt (3%)
- Other EU member states110 kt (4%)
- Origin not reported2.0 kt (<1%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Netherlands | 646,068 | 42.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 315,453 | 20.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Belgium | 154,700 | 52.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Germany | 154,187 | 55.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Netherlands | 93,735 | 6.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Netherlands | 78,570 | 5.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Netherlands | 77,927 | 5.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Netherlands | 75,061 | 4.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Netherlands | 69,877 | 4.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Portugal | Netherlands | 64,057 | 4.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Germany | 59,402 | 21.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Netherlands | 58,397 | 3.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Spain | Belgium | 56,700 | 19.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Netherlands | 50,613 | 3.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United States | France | 38,000 | 22.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 30,500 | 10.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 30,123 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | France | 28,000 | 16.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Türkiye | France | 28,000 | 16.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Türkiye | Italy | 27,929 | 47.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Greece | 27,415 | 57.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Germany | 25,856 | 9.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Belgium | 25,800 | 8.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Algeria | France | 24,000 | 14.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Finland | 22,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | France | 21,000 | 12.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Türkiye | Greece | 20,244 | 42.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 20,000 | 12.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Spain | 19,668 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Türkiye | Germany | 19,576 | 7.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Italy | 17,150 | 29.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 14,468 | 5.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| France | Belgium | 14,400 | 4.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 14,003 | 23.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Belgium | 12,900 | 4.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Spain | Portugal | 11,600 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Czechia | 8,000 | 80.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Germany | 5,104 | 1.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 5,000 | 3.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Hungary | 4,000 | 44.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Hungary | 3,000 | 33.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Czechia | 2,000 | 20.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Hungary | 2,000 | 22.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Origin not reported | France | 2,000 | 1.2% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
3 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2023-08 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2023-08 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the naphtha was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-08, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2023-08 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.