Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In September 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 2,343 kt of naphtha, and 83% came from other EU member states.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
Sep 2023
Latest month all EU members reported
| 2026 | |
|---|---|
| 2025 | |
| 2024 | |
| 2023 |
United Kingdom107 kt (5%)Algeria93 kt (4%)United States55 kt (2%)Other origins outside the EU147 kt (6%)Belgium535 kt (23%)Netherlands346 kt (15%)Germany318 kt (14%)Spain173 kt (7%)Italy112 kt (5%)Denmark108 kt (5%)France104 kt (4%)Sweden86 kt (4%)Finland65 kt (3%)Other EU member states95 kt (4%)Netherlands1.36 Mt (58%)Belgium306 kt (13%)Germany279 kt (12%)France211 kt (9%)Spain55 kt (2%)Italy39 kt (2%)Finland27 kt (1%)Greece26 kt (1%)Sweden21 kt (<1%)Hungary12 kt (<1%)Czechia8.0 kt (<1%)Slovakia3.1 kt (<1%)
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Country it was last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country last shipped from
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Netherlands | 473,189 | 34.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 294,537 | 21.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Germany | 197,395 | 70.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Netherlands | 108,314 | 8.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 100,328 | 7.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Spain | Belgium | 92,400 | 30.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 90,400 | 29.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Netherlands | 84,684 | 6.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Spain | Netherlands | 80,750 | 6.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Finland | Netherlands | 61,693 | 4.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Italy | Netherlands | 56,612 | 4.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Netherlands | 49,184 | 3.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Algeria | France | 49,000 | 23.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Belgium | 48,400 | 15.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| France | Netherlands | 47,551 | 3.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 42,000 | 19.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | France | 38,000 | 18.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 37,000 | 17.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 30,000 | 14.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Italy | Belgium | 28,200 | 9.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Spain | 27,709 | 50.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Italy | Spain | 26,933 | 49.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Belgium | 26,000 | 8.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Greece | 25,921 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| France | Germany | 25,249 | 9.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 20,936 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 19,996 | 7.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| France | Belgium | 17,300 | 5.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | Germany | 16,826 | 6.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 14,988 | 38.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Algeria | Italy | 14,935 | 38.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | France | 14,000 | 6.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| France | Finland | 14,000 | 51.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Finland | 12,000 | 44.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 9,951 | 3.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Italy | 9,253 | 23.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Czechia | 8,000 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Hungary | 7,000 | 58.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 5,568 | 2.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Hungary | 5,000 | 41.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Algeria | Germany | 3,011 | 1.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Finland | Belgium | 3,000 | 1.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Slovakia | 2,018 | 65.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Slovakia | 1,062 | 34.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 1,011 | 0.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | France | 1,000 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Finland | 1,000 | 3.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2023-09 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2023-09 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined.
Left: the country the naphtha was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-09, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2023-09 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): for refined products, the country the fuel was last shipped from, as each EU member state reports it; it may be a trading hub rather than where the fuel was refined. The customs basis is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states may be fuel refined there or fuel only shipped on from elsewhere; they are grouped separately.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.