Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In September 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 2,343 kt of naphtha, and 83% came from other EU member states.
Sep 2023
| 2026 | |
|---|---|
| 2025 | |
| 2024 | |
| 2023 |
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Where the oil was produced
- Colour = importing country:
- Netherlands
- Belgium
- Germany
- France
- Spain
- Other EU (7)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Netherlands | 473,189 | 34.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 294,537 | 21.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Germany | 197,395 | 70.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (14) | Netherlands | 195,561 | 14.4% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (14) | France | 117,000 | 55.5% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Denmark | Netherlands | 108,314 | 8.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 100,328 | 7.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Belgium | 92,400 | 30.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (14) | Other EU (7) | 92,115 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 90,400 | 29.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Netherlands | 80,750 | 6.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (14) | Belgium | 77,400 | 25.3% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Italy | Netherlands | 56,612 | 4.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Netherlands | 47,551 | 3.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 42,000 | 19.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 37,000 | 17.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (14) | Germany | 30,857 | 11.1% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Italy | Belgium | 28,200 | 9.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (14) | Spain | 27,709 | 50.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Italy | Spain | 26,933 | 49.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Germany | 25,249 | 9.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Other EU (7) | 20,936 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 19,996 | 7.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Belgium | 17,300 | 5.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | France | 14,000 | 6.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Other EU (7) | 14,000 | 51.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Other EU (7) | 9,062 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 5,568 | 2.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | France | 1,000 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2023-09 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the naphtha was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-09, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2023-09 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.