Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In October 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 2,764 kt of naphtha; the largest origins outside the EU were Algeria (15%) and the United Kingdom (5%), and 67% came from other EU member states.
Oct 2023
| 2026 | |
|---|---|
| 2025 | |
| 2024 | |
| 2023 |
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Where the oil was produced
- Colour = importing country:
- Netherlands
- Germany
- Belgium
- France
- Spain
- Other EU (5)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Netherlands | 455,799 | 30.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 249,507 | 16.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (14) | Netherlands | 227,873 | 15.0% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Germany | 202,464 | 47.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Netherlands | 136,539 | 9.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 134,631 | 8.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Netherlands | 130,730 | 8.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Algeria | France | 130,000 | 44.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Netherlands | 128,832 | 8.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Belgium | 120,400 | 32.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Belgium | 118,700 | 32.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Germany | 118,159 | 27.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (14) | Belgium | 101,900 | 27.7% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (14) | Spain | 95,481 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (14) | Other EU (5) | 60,276 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Spain | France | 60,000 | 20.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (14) | France | 58,000 | 19.8% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Algeria | Netherlands | 56,277 | 3.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Germany | 38,758 | 9.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 33,716 | 8.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (14) | Germany | 30,837 | 7.3% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 27,100 | 7.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 27,000 | 9.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | France | 9,000 | 3.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 8,000 | 2.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Other EU (5) | 3,000 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Germany | France | 1,000 | 0.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2023-10 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the naphtha was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-10, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2023-10 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.