Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In November 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 2,184 kt of naphtha; the largest origins outside the EU were Algeria (10%), and 77% came from other EU member states.
Nov 2023
| 2026 | |
|---|---|
| 2025 | |
| 2024 | |
| 2023 |
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Country it was last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country last shipped from
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Netherlands | 554,285 | 45.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (17) | Netherlands | 365,516 | 29.8% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Germany | Netherlands | 174,385 | 14.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Germany | 144,858 | 45.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (17) | Belgium | 96,200 | 33.3% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Spain | Belgium | 93,400 | 32.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Netherlands | 84,395 | 6.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (17) | Germany | 78,085 | 24.4% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Algeria | Belgium | 69,000 | 23.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (17) | Spain | 54,499 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (17) | France | 51,000 | 30.5% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Spain | Netherlands | 46,508 | 3.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 43,621 | 13.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Germany | 35,364 | 11.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Algeria | France | 33,000 | 19.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Spain | France | 32,000 | 19.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (17) | Italy | 31,804 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 30,200 | 10.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 27,000 | 16.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (17) | Finland | 26,000 | 83.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins (17) | Greece | 23,435 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Other EU (4) | 23,152 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | France | 23,000 | 13.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (17) | Other EU (4) | 19,998 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Spain | Germany | 17,609 | 5.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Finland | 5,000 | 16.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | France | 1,000 | 0.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
Source & method
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2023-11 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined.
Left: the country the naphtha was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-11, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2023-11 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): for refined products, the country the fuel was last shipped from, as each EU member state reports it; it may be a trading hub rather than where the fuel was refined. The customs basis is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states may be fuel refined there or fuel only shipped on from elsewhere; they are grouped separately.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.