Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In November 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 2,184 kt of naphtha; the largest origins outside the EU were Algeria (10%), and 77% came from other EU member states.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
Nov 2023
Latest month all EU members reported
| 2026 | |
|---|---|
| 2025 | |
| 2024 | |
| 2023 |
Algeria222 kt (10%)United States92 kt (4%)Türkiye60 kt (3%)United Kingdom59 kt (3%)Other origins outside the EU67 kt (3%)Belgium621 kt (28%)Netherlands225 kt (10%)Spain190 kt (9%)Germany180 kt (8%)France108 kt (5%)Sweden98 kt (4%)Finland78 kt (4%)Poland62 kt (3%)Other EU member states123 kt (6%)Netherlands1.23 Mt (56%)Germany320 kt (15%)Belgium289 kt (13%)France167 kt (8%)Spain54 kt (2%)Italy32 kt (1%)Finland31 kt (1%)Greece23 kt (1%)Sweden22 kt (1%)Czechia10 kt (<1%)Hungary9.0 kt (<1%)Portugal2.1 kt (<1%)
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Where the oil was produced
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Netherlands | 554,285 | 45.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 174,385 | 14.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Germany | 144,858 | 45.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Netherlands | 98,005 | 8.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Belgium | 93,400 | 32.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Netherlands | 84,395 | 6.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Netherlands | 78,220 | 6.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Belgium | 69,000 | 23.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Netherlands | 53,549 | 4.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United States | Netherlands | 52,890 | 4.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Netherlands | 46,508 | 3.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 44,805 | 3.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 43,621 | 13.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Belgium | 40,800 | 14.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Netherlands | 38,047 | 3.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | France | 37,000 | 22.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Türkiye | Germany | 36,132 | 11.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Germany | 35,364 | 11.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Algeria | France | 33,000 | 19.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | France | 32,000 | 19.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 30,200 | 10.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Belgium | 30,100 | 10.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| France | Spain | 29,417 | 54.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 27,000 | 16.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Poland | Finland | 26,000 | 83.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Belgium | 25,300 | 8.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Spain | 25,082 | 46.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Türkiye | Greece | 23,435 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 23,000 | 13.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 22,054 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Italy | 18,777 | 59.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Spain | Germany | 17,609 | 5.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 13,739 | 4.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 13,155 | 4.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Poland | Germany | 13,064 | 4.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 13,027 | 41.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Poland | France | 13,000 | 7.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Poland | Czechia | 10,000 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Finland | 5,000 | 16.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Hungary | 5,000 | 55.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Hungary | 4,000 | 44.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United States | Germany | 1,995 | 0.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Portugal | 1,098 | 52.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | France | 1,000 | 0.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | France | 1,000 | 0.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Portugal | 998 | 47.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
Source & method
Source Period 2023-11 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2023-11 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the naphtha was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-11, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2023-11 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.