Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In December 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 2,289 kt of naphtha; the largest origins outside the EU were Algeria (12%) and the United Kingdom (7%), and 72% came from other EU member states.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
Dec 2023
Latest month all EU members reported
| 2026 | |
|---|---|
| 2025 | |
| 2024 | |
| 2023 |
Algeria279 kt (12%)United Kingdom151 kt (7%)United States95 kt (4%)Other origins outside the EU120 kt (5%)Belgium492 kt (22%)Netherlands259 kt (11%)Spain254 kt (11%)Germany195 kt (9%)France115 kt (5%)Finland94 kt (4%)Denmark71 kt (3%)Sweden44 kt (2%)Italy41 kt (2%)Other EU member states78 kt (3%)Netherlands1.35 Mt (59%)Germany373 kt (16%)Belgium261 kt (11%)France90 kt (4%)Spain81 kt (4%)Italy50 kt (2%)Greece30 kt (1%)Finland26 kt (1%)Hungary15 kt (<1%)Czechia10 kt (<1%)Slovakia4.2 kt (<1%)Portugal1.2 kt (<1%)
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Where the oil was produced
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Netherlands | 436,335 | 32.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 192,461 | 14.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Germany | 173,068 | 46.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Netherlands | 135,428 | 10.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 122,593 | 9.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Netherlands | 106,601 | 7.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Netherlands | 90,643 | 6.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Belgium | 84,900 | 32.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Netherlands | 84,150 | 6.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Netherlands | 70,992 | 5.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Germany | 66,133 | 17.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Netherlands | 64,560 | 4.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Spain | 50,942 | 62.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Netherlands | 43,630 | 3.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 38,300 | 14.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Italy | 37,985 | 76.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Italy | Belgium | 37,400 | 14.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 36,277 | 9.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Germany | 35,939 | 9.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Germany | 35,758 | 9.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Belgium | 35,200 | 13.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | France | 35,000 | 38.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Belgium | 32,200 | 12.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United States | Belgium | 30,900 | 11.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Spain | 30,012 | 37.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | France | 27,000 | 30.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Greece | 26,248 | 87.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 20,977 | 5.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 20,000 | 22.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Finland | 13,000 | 50.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Finland | 13,000 | 50.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 11,965 | 24.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Czechia | 10,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Hungary | 9,000 | 60.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | France | 7,000 | 7.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Hungary | 6,000 | 40.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Greece | 3,726 | 12.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Italy | Germany | 2,458 | 0.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Belgium | 2,300 | 0.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Slovakia | 2,104 | 50.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Slovakia | 2,077 | 49.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Portugal | 1,185 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| France | Germany | 1,061 | 0.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | France | 1,000 | 1.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Germany | 996 | 0.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2023-12 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2023-12 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the naphtha was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-12, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2023-12 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Poland, Romania, Slovenia, Sweden. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.