Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In February 2024, all 27 EU member states reported importing 2,500 kt of naphtha; the largest origins outside the EU were the United Kingdom (7%), Algeria (7%) and Norway (6%), and 69% came from other EU member states.
Feb 2024
| 2026 | |
|---|---|
| 2025 | |
| 2024 | |
| 2023 |
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Country it was last shipped from
- Colour = importing country:
- Netherlands
- Germany
- Belgium
- France
- Italy
- Other EU (5)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country last shipped from
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Netherlands | 432,142 | 32.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 296,304 | 22.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (16) | Netherlands | 252,001 | 19.0% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (16) | Belgium | 225,800 | 60.0% | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Germany | 173,034 | 34.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 160,167 | 12.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Norway | Germany | 143,465 | 28.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Netherlands | 122,143 | 9.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Germany | 96,577 | 19.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (16) | Other EU (5) | 76,305 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (16) | Germany | 65,286 | 13.1% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Spain | Netherlands | 63,050 | 4.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Spain | Belgium | 61,200 | 16.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Algeria | France | 56,000 | 37.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (16) | Italy | 49,666 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins (16) | France | 46,000 | 31.1% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 32,500 | 8.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Belgium | 26,800 | 7.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 26,000 | 6.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Spain | France | 25,000 | 16.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 18,458 | 3.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 15,000 | 10.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Other EU (5) | 13,825 | 45.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Norway | Other EU (5) | 12,963 | 42.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Norway | France | 5,000 | 3.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Belgium | 4,100 | 1.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | France | 1,000 | 0.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2024-02 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined.
Left: the country the naphtha was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2024-02, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2024-02 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, Greece, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): for refined products, the country the fuel was last shipped from, as each EU member state reports it; it may be a trading hub rather than where the fuel was refined. The customs basis is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states may be fuel refined there or fuel only shipped on from elsewhere; they are grouped separately.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.