Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In February 2025, 26 of 27 EU member states reported importing 2,969 kt of naphtha; the largest origins outside the EU were Algeria (10%) and the United Kingdom (9%), and 72% came from other EU member states.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
Feb 2025
Latest month all EU members reported
| 2026 | |
|---|---|
| 2025 | |
| 2024 | |
| 2023 |
Algeria295 kt (10%)United Kingdom263 kt (9%)Türkiye144 kt (5%)Norway81 kt (3%)Other origins outside the EU43 kt (1%)Belgium554 kt (19%)Netherlands370 kt (12%)Germany314 kt (11%)Italy307 kt (10%)Sweden194 kt (7%)Spain140 kt (5%)France121 kt (4%)Portugal60 kt (2%)Other EU member states83 kt (3%)Netherlands1.69 Mt (57%)Germany482 kt (16%)Belgium297 kt (10%)France191 kt (6%)Greece118 kt (4%)Spain70 kt (2%)Italy59 kt (2%)Finland34 kt (1%)Sweden27 kt (<1%)Portugal2.2 kt (<1%)Czechia1.0 kt (<1%)
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Country it was last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country last shipped from
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Netherlands | 491,647 | 29.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 311,759 | 18.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Germany | 294,665 | 61.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 210,469 | 12.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Netherlands | 193,873 | 11.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Italy | Netherlands | 174,301 | 10.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Italy | Belgium | 86,800 | 29.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| France | Netherlands | 84,070 | 5.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Spain | Netherlands | 72,569 | 4.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Türkiye | Greece | 66,766 | 56.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Spain | 61,270 | 87.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Portugal | Netherlands | 59,959 | 3.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Algeria | France | 58,000 | 30.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Norway | Belgium | 55,500 | 18.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Italy | 54,031 | 92.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Belgium | 52,500 | 17.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Greece | 51,552 | 43.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Spain | Belgium | 50,800 | 17.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Türkiye | Netherlands | 48,760 | 2.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 46,861 | 9.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 45,486 | 9.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 43,600 | 14.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Netherlands | 39,892 | 2.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| France | Germany | 37,365 | 7.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Italy | France | 37,000 | 19.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | France | 30,000 | 15.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Türkiye | France | 28,000 | 14.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 26,969 | 5.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Algeria | Germany | 17,893 | 3.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Spain | France | 17,000 | 8.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 15,000 | 7.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 13,767 | 51.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Finland | 13,000 | 38.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Norway | Germany | 12,869 | 2.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Norway | Sweden | 12,827 | 48.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Finland | 12,000 | 35.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Finland | 9,000 | 26.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Italy | Spain | 8,973 | 12.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 6,000 | 2.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Italy | 4,611 | 7.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | France | 4,000 | 2.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Portugal | 2,243 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Belgium | 2,100 | 0.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Czechia | 1,000 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | France | 1,000 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | France | 1,000 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-02 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-02 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined.
Left: the country the naphtha was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-02, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2025-02 (requested; 26 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, Hungary, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): for refined products, the country the fuel was last shipped from, as each EU member state reports it; it may be a trading hub rather than where the fuel was refined. The customs basis is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states may be fuel refined there or fuel only shipped on from elsewhere; they are grouped separately.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.