Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In October 2025, 26 of 27 EU member states reported importing 2,605 kt of naphtha; the largest origins outside the EU were the United Kingdom (14%), and 71% came from other EU member states.
Oct 2025
| 2026 | |
|---|---|
| 2025 | |
| 2024 | |
| 2023 |
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Country it was last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country last shipped from
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 369,620 | 25.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Germany | 296,996 | 62.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 248,992 | 17.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 231,845 | 16.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| France | Netherlands | 140,605 | 9.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Finland | Netherlands | 119,332 | 8.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Italy | 100,029 | 89.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Spain | Belgium | 95,500 | 40.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Türkiye | Netherlands | 78,405 | 5.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Italy | Netherlands | 73,639 | 5.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Spain | Germany | 73,294 | 15.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Spain | Netherlands | 64,076 | 4.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Algeria | France | 64,000 | 59.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Netherlands | 60,780 | 4.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 57,700 | 24.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 45,111 | 9.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 41,418 | 2.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| France | Spain | 41,341 | 40.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Norway | Belgium | 38,200 | 16.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Norway | Germany | 35,399 | 7.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Spain | 34,993 | 34.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 32,000 | 29.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Hungary | 28,500 | 96.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 27,251 | 66.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Finland | 27,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Italy | Greece | 24,995 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Spain | 24,969 | 24.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Belgium | 23,700 | 9.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Germany | 20,411 | 4.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Czechia | 17,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Sweden | 13,471 | 33.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 12,099 | 10.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Italy | Belgium | 12,000 | 5.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| France | Belgium | 11,800 | 4.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Germany | 6,507 | 1.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 6,000 | 5.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 3,000 | 2.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Hungary | 1,100 | 3.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | France | 1,000 | 0.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Italy | France | 1,000 | 0.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-10 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined.
Left: the country the naphtha was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-10, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2025-10 (requested; 26 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): for refined products, the country the fuel was last shipped from, as each EU member state reports it; it may be a trading hub rather than where the fuel was refined. The customs basis is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states may be fuel refined there or fuel only shipped on from elsewhere; they are grouped separately.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.