Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In November 2024, Austria's road diesel supply was 548 kt: 40% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (44%), Slovenia (8%) and Italy (7%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Kazakhstan (28%), Norway (9%) and the United States (9%), and 16% cannot be traced.
Country
Kazakhstan156 kt (est. 28%)Norway52 kt (est. 9%)United States48 kt (est. 9%)Saudi Arabia36 kt (est. 7%)Libya32 kt (est. 6%)Azerbaijan30 kt (est. 5%)Iraq26 kt (est. 5%)Other crude origins84 kt (est. 15%)Slovenia: no refinery42 kt (8%)Germany: crude origin not reported13 kt (2%)Austria: crude not from imports13 kt (2%)Germany: crude not from imports11 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported3.3 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports3.0 kt (<1%)Austria (own refineries)217 kt (40%)Germany240 kt (44%)Slovenia42 kt (8%)Italy39 kt (7%)Slovakia5.0 kt (<1%)Hungary2.6 kt (<1%)Czechia2.1 kt (<1%)Franceless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Austria: road diesel supply548 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Kazakhstan156 kt (est. 28%)
- Norway52 kt (est. 9%)
- United States48 kt (est. 9%)
- Saudi Arabia36 kt (est. 7%)
- Libya32 kt (est. 6%)
- Azerbaijan30 kt (est. 5%)
- Iraq26 kt (est. 5%)
- Other crude origins84 kt (est. 15%)
- Slovenia: no refinery42 kt (8%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported13 kt (2%)
- Austria: crude not from imports13 kt (2%)
- Germany: crude not from imports11 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported3.3 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports3.0 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Total supply (Nov 2024)
548.5 thousand tonnes
100% of Austria's road diesel supply
Official
Where it was refined
- Germany240 kt (44%)
- Austria (own refineries)217 kt (40%)
- Slovenia42 kt (8%)
and 3 more in the table above
Source: Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis); Eurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Germany | Austria: road diesel supply | 240,301 | 43.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Austria (own refineries) | Austria: road diesel supply | 217,357 | 39.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Slovenia | Austria: road diesel supply | 42,408 | 7.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Austria: road diesel supply | 38,724 | 7.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Austria: road diesel supply | 5,039 | 0.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Austria: road diesel supply | 2,561 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Austria: road diesel supply | 2,075 | 0.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kazakhstan | Austria (own refineries) | 117,600 | 54.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 56,407 | 23.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 50,515 | 21.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovenia: no refinery | Slovenia | 42,408 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| United States | Germany | 40,693 | 16.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 33,045 | 13.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria (own refineries) | 31,044 | 14.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria (own refineries) | 16,433 | 7.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 15,041 | 6.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 13,057 | 5.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Austria: crude not from imports | Austria (own refineries) | 12,758 | 5.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Iraq | Germany | 12,708 | 5.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria (own refineries) | 11,840 | 5.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude not from imports | Germany | 11,009 | 4.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Libya | Austria (own refineries) | 10,684 | 4.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Austria (own refineries) | 10,668 | 4.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Italy | 8,049 | 20.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Italy | 6,297 | 16.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 6,160 | 2.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Italy | 5,886 | 15.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 5,168 | 13.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 4,305 | 85.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Italy | 3,462 | 8.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Austria (own refineries) | 3,443 | 1.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Italy | 3,055 | 7.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria (own refineries) | 2,888 | 1.3% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 2,811 | 7.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Italy | 2,454 | 6.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 2,100 | 82.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Austria split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 1,666 | 0.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Italy | 1,158 | 3.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia | 942 | 45.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 715 | 34.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Slovakia | 545 | 10.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 461 | 18.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Italy | 385 | 1.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 304 | 14.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia | 188 | 3.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Czechia | 114 | 5.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | France | 3 | 31.5% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Austria split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | France | 3 | 25.3% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Austria split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | France | 1 | 9.8% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Austria split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | France | 1 | 9.6% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Austria split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | France | 1 | 8.4% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Austria split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | France | 1 | 5.5% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Austria split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | France | 0 | 4.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 0 | 3.7% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Austria split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | France | 0 | 1.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | France | 0 | 0.7% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Austria split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-11 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-11 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Austria’s supply of road diesel in 2024-11, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-11 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-09 to 2024-11.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Slovenia: no refinery (42,408 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Germany: crude origin not reported (13,057 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Austria: crude not from imports (12,758 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Germany: crude not from imports (11,009 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (3,273 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (3,030 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.