Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In December 2024, Austria's road diesel supply was 567 kt: 50% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (36%), Italy (6%) and Slovenia (6%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Kazakhstan (31%), Libya (10%) and Norway (7%), and 16% cannot be traced.
Country
Kazakhstan174 kt (est. 31%)Libya54 kt (est. 10%)Norway40 kt (est. 7%)United States39 kt (est. 7%)Saudi Arabia33 kt (est. 6%)Azerbaijan32 kt (est. 6%)Iraq25 kt (est. 4%)Other crude origins79 kt (est. 14%)Slovenia: no refinery33 kt (6%)Austria: crude origin not reported18 kt (3%)Austria: crude not from imports17 kt (3%)Germany: crude origin not reported16 kt (3%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports7.6 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.3 kt (<1%)Austria (own refineries)284 kt (50%)Germany206 kt (36%)Italy35 kt (6%)Slovenia33 kt (6%)Slovakia6.0 kt (1%)Czechia2.1 kt (<1%)Hungary0.7 kt (<1%)Austria: road diesel supply567 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Kazakhstan174 kt (est. 31%)
- Libya54 kt (est. 10%)
- Norway40 kt (est. 7%)
- United States39 kt (est. 7%)
- Saudi Arabia33 kt (est. 6%)
- Azerbaijan32 kt (est. 6%)
- Iraq25 kt (est. 4%)
- Other crude origins79 kt (est. 14%)
- Slovenia: no refinery33 kt (6%)
- Austria: crude origin not reported18 kt (3%)
- Austria: crude not from imports17 kt (3%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported16 kt (3%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports7.6 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.3 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Total supply (Dec 2024)
567.5 thousand tonnes
100% of Austria's road diesel supply
Official
Where it was refined
- Austria (own refineries)284 kt (50%)
- Germany206 kt (36%)
- Italy35 kt (6%)
and 3 more in the table above
Source: Eurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output); Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria (own refineries) | Austria: road diesel supply | 284,129 | 50.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Austria: road diesel supply | 206,099 | 36.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Austria: road diesel supply | 35,458 | 6.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Slovenia | Austria: road diesel supply | 32,944 | 5.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Austria: road diesel supply | 6,010 | 1.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Austria: road diesel supply | 2,118 | 0.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Austria: road diesel supply | 730 | 0.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kazakhstan | Austria (own refineries) | 141,154 | 49.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 48,952 | 23.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 39,203 | 19.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 33,593 | 16.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovenia: no refinery | Slovenia | 32,944 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Libya | Austria (own refineries) | 29,093 | 10.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria (own refineries) | 29,031 | 10.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 27,486 | 13.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 18,498 | 9.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Austria: crude origin not reported | Austria (own refineries) | 17,730 | 6.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria (own refineries) | 17,362 | 6.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Austria: crude not from imports | Austria (own refineries) | 17,353 | 6.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 16,004 | 7.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Austria (own refineries) | 15,744 | 5.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Austria (own refineries) | 13,595 | 4.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Germany | 8,540 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Italy | 7,347 | 20.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 7,344 | 3.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Italy | 6,662 | 18.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Italy | 5,468 | 15.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 5,417 | 2.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 4,897 | 81.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 4,790 | 13.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Austria (own refineries) | 3,066 | 1.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Italy | 3,019 | 8.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 2,818 | 7.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Italy | 2,306 | 6.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Italy | 1,664 | 4.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 1,062 | 0.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Italy | 1,054 | 3.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia | 1,052 | 49.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Slovakia | 767 | 12.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 730 | 34.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 588 | 80.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Austria split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Slovakia | 347 | 5.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Italy | 330 | 0.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 272 | 12.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 114 | 15.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Czechia | 64 | 3.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 29 | 3.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Austria split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-12 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-12 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Austria’s supply of road diesel in 2024-12, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-12 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-10 to 2024-12.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Slovenia: no refinery (32,944 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Austria: crude origin not reported (17,730 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Austria: crude not from imports (17,353 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Germany: crude origin not reported (16,004 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (7,605 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (330 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.