Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In April 2024, Austria's road diesel supply was 566 kt: 42% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (45%), Italy (7%) and Slovenia (6%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Kazakhstan (33%), Libya (10%) and the United States (10%), and 15% cannot be traced.
Country
Kazakhstan188 kt (est. 33%)Libya58 kt (est. 10%)United States54 kt (est. 10%)Norway48 kt (est. 8%)Saudi Arabia34 kt (est. 6%)United Kingdom24 kt (est. 4%)Azerbaijan20 kt (est. 4%)Other crude origins55 kt (est. 10%)Slovenia: no refinery33 kt (6%)Germany: crude origin not reported25 kt (4%)Austria: crude not from imports15 kt (3%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports5.5 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported5.4 kt (<1%)Austria (own refineries)237 kt (42%)Germany255 kt (45%)Italy37 kt (7%)Slovenia33 kt (6%)Slovakia2.1 kt (<1%)Czechia1.6 kt (<1%)Austria: road diesel supply566 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Kazakhstan188 kt (est. 33%)
- Libya58 kt (est. 10%)
- United States54 kt (est. 10%)
- Norway48 kt (est. 8%)
- Saudi Arabia34 kt (est. 6%)
- United Kingdom24 kt (est. 4%)
- Azerbaijan20 kt (est. 4%)
- Other crude origins55 kt (est. 10%)
- Slovenia: no refinery33 kt (6%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported25 kt (4%)
- Austria: crude not from imports15 kt (3%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports5.5 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported5.4 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Road diesel supplied (Apr 2024)
254.6 thousand tonnes
45% of Austria's road diesel supply
Official
Crude behind it (estimate)
- United States47 kt (est. 19%)
- Norway47 kt (est. 18%)
- Other crude origins42 kt (est. 16%)
and 7 more in the table above
Source: Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis); Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Germany | Austria: road diesel supply | 254,630 | 45.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria (own refineries) | Austria: road diesel supply | 237,255 | 41.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Italy | Austria: road diesel supply | 37,460 | 6.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovenia | Austria: road diesel supply | 32,620 | 5.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Austria: road diesel supply | 2,118 | 0.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Austria: road diesel supply | 1,602 | 0.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kazakhstan | Austria (own refineries) | 145,194 | 61.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 47,218 | 18.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 46,811 | 18.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 41,830 | 16.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 36,634 | 14.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovenia: no refinery | Slovenia | 32,620 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Libya | Austria (own refineries) | 30,490 | 12.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria (own refineries) | 25,141 | 10.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 25,062 | 9.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 24,094 | 9.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 19,899 | 7.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Austria: crude not from imports | Austria (own refineries) | 15,424 | 6.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria (own refineries) | 9,057 | 3.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Italy | 8,228 | 22.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Italy | 7,286 | 19.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 6,127 | 2.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 6,080 | 16.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Italy | 6,026 | 16.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria (own refineries) | 5,115 | 2.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 4,235 | 1.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Austria (own refineries) | 4,183 | 1.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Italy | 3,074 | 8.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Italy | 2,800 | 7.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 2,777 | 7.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 2,720 | 1.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Austria (own refineries) | 2,651 | 1.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 2,024 | 95.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Italy | 859 | 2.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 675 | 42.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia | 659 | 41.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Italy | 330 | 0.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 269 | 16.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Slovakia | 94 | 4.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-04 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-04 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Austria’s supply of road diesel in 2024-04, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2024-04 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-02 to 2024-04.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Slovenia: no refinery (32,620 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Germany: crude origin not reported (25,062 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Austria: crude not from imports (15,424 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (5,521 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (5,444 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.