Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In January 2026, Austria's road diesel supply was 463 kt: 48% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (40%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Kazakhstan (28%), Libya (15%) and Norway (7%), and 12% cannot be traced.
Country
Kazakhstan131 kt (est. 28%)Libya72 kt (est. 15%)Norway34 kt (est. 7%)United States34 kt (est. 7%)United Kingdom29 kt (est. 6%)Guyana28 kt (est. 6%)Iraq23 kt (est. 5%)Other crude origins55 kt (est. 12%)Slovenia: no refinery21 kt (5%)Austria: crude not from imports19 kt (4%)Germany: crude origin not reported12 kt (3%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports5.6 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.6 kt (<1%)Austria (own refineries)224 kt (48%)Germany187 kt (40%)Italy22 kt (5%)Slovenia21 kt (5%)Czechia5.1 kt (1%)Slovakia3.3 kt (<1%)Hungary0.8 kt (<1%)Austria: road diesel supply463 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Kazakhstan131 kt (est. 28%)
- Libya72 kt (est. 15%)
- Norway34 kt (est. 7%)
- United States34 kt (est. 7%)
- United Kingdom29 kt (est. 6%)
- Guyana28 kt (est. 6%)
- Iraq23 kt (est. 5%)
- Other crude origins55 kt (est. 12%)
- Slovenia: no refinery21 kt (5%)
- Austria: crude not from imports19 kt (4%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported12 kt (3%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports5.6 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.6 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Crude behind this road diesel, an estimate (Jan 2026)
34.3 thousand tonnes
est. 7% of Austria's road diesel supply
less than 0.1 kt reported34 kt estimated
Inferred · medium
Last shipped from
- Germany32 kt (est. 94%)
- Czechia1.5 kt (est. 4%)
- Italy0.4 kt (est. 1%)
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria (own refineries) | Austria: road diesel supply | 224,077 | 48.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Austria: road diesel supply | 186,760 | 40.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Italy | Austria: road diesel supply | 22,110 | 4.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovenia | Austria: road diesel supply | 20,870 | 4.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Austria: road diesel supply | 5,099 | 1.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Austria: road diesel supply | 3,300 | 0.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Austria: road diesel supply | 790 | 0.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kazakhstan | Austria (own refineries) | 98,634 | 44.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria (own refineries) | 37,164 | 16.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 32,368 | 17.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 29,458 | 15.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 28,966 | 15.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 28,455 | 15.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 22,746 | 12.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Austria (own refineries) | 21,745 | 9.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovenia: no refinery | Slovenia | 20,870 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 19,029 | 10.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Austria: crude not from imports | Austria (own refineries) | 18,521 | 8.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Austria (own refineries) | 17,968 | 8.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Austria (own refineries) | 16,590 | 7.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 12,280 | 6.6% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | Austria (own refineries) | 9,828 | 4.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Italy | 7,452 | 33.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Germany | 6,237 | 3.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Italy | 5,418 | 24.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Germany | 4,385 | 2.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Austria (own refineries) | 3,626 | 1.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 3,013 | 91.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia | 2,944 | 57.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 2,837 | 1.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Italy | 2,201 | 10.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United States | Italy | 1,964 | 8.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Italy | 1,943 | 8.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 1,921 | 8.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia | 1,540 | 30.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 615 | 12.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Italy | 555 | 2.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 433 | 54.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Austria split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Italy | 376 | 1.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 322 | 40.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United Kingdom | Italy | 281 | 1.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Slovakia | 244 | 7.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Libya | Slovakia | 43 | 1.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 35 | 4.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Austria split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2026-01 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-01 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Austria’s supply of road diesel in 2026-01, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2026-01 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-11 to 2026-01.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Slovenia: no refinery (20,870 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Austria: crude not from imports (18,521 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Germany: crude origin not reported (12,280 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (5,605 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (555 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.