Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In July 2024, Austria's road diesel supply was 579 kt: 42% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (45%), Slovenia (7%) and Italy (5%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Kazakhstan (27%), Libya (13%) and Norway (11%), and 13% cannot be traced.
Country
Kazakhstan155 kt (est. 27%)Libya78 kt (est. 13%)Norway62 kt (est. 11%)Saudi Arabia47 kt (est. 8%)United States45 kt (est. 8%)Iraq28 kt (est. 5%)United Kingdom22 kt (est. 4%)Other crude origins64 kt (est. 11%)Slovenia: no refinery41 kt (7%)Germany: crude origin not reported18 kt (3%)Austria: crude not from imports10.0 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports7.7 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported2.0 kt (<1%)Austria (own refineries)243 kt (42%)Germany261 kt (45%)Slovenia41 kt (7%)Italy30 kt (5%)Czechia2.4 kt (<1%)Slovakia1.9 kt (<1%)Austria: road diesel supply579 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Kazakhstan155 kt (est. 27%)
- Libya78 kt (est. 13%)
- Norway62 kt (est. 11%)
- Saudi Arabia47 kt (est. 8%)
- United States45 kt (est. 8%)
- Iraq28 kt (est. 5%)
- United Kingdom22 kt (est. 4%)
- Other crude origins64 kt (est. 11%)
- Slovenia: no refinery41 kt (7%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported18 kt (3%)
- Austria: crude not from imports10.0 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports7.7 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported2.0 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Road diesel supplied (Jul 2024)
243.4 thousand tonnes
42% of Austria's road diesel supply
Official
Crude behind it (estimate)
- Kazakhstan119 kt (est. 49%)
- Libya41 kt (est. 17%)
- Saudi Arabia34 kt (est. 14%)
and 4 more in the table above
Source: Eurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output); Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Germany | Austria: road diesel supply | 260,837 | 45.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria (own refineries) | Austria: road diesel supply | 243,392 | 42.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Slovenia | Austria: road diesel supply | 40,502 | 7.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Italy | Austria: road diesel supply | 29,733 | 5.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Austria: road diesel supply | 2,363 | 0.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Austria: road diesel supply | 1,941 | 0.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kazakhstan | Austria (own refineries) | 119,343 | 49.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 50,488 | 19.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 42,367 | 16.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria (own refineries) | 41,226 | 16.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovenia: no refinery | Slovenia | 40,502 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 35,590 | 13.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria (own refineries) | 33,757 | 13.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 31,625 | 12.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 29,748 | 11.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 21,749 | 8.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 17,890 | 6.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Austria (own refineries) | 15,678 | 6.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Germany | 15,591 | 6.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Austria (own refineries) | 11,080 | 4.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 10,879 | 4.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Austria (own refineries) | 10,423 | 4.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Austria: crude not from imports | Austria (own refineries) | 9,980 | 4.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Italy | 9,261 | 31.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Italy | 6,744 | 22.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 4,911 | 1.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 3,794 | 12.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Italy | 2,451 | 8.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Italy | 2,424 | 8.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Italy | 2,357 | 7.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 1,961 | 6.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria (own refineries) | 1,905 | 0.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia | 1,856 | 78.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 1,550 | 79.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Slovakia | 391 | 20.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Italy | 379 | 1.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Italy | 362 | 1.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 327 | 13.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia | 115 | 4.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Czechia | 65 | 2.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-07 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-07 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Austria’s supply of road diesel in 2024-07, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2024-07 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-05 to 2024-07.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Slovenia: no refinery (40,502 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Germany: crude origin not reported (17,890 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Austria: crude not from imports (9,980 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (7,658 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (1,970 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.