Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In July 2026, Austria's petrol supply was 207 kt: 71% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (27%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Kazakhstan (44%), the United States (20%) and Libya (11%), and 5% cannot be traced.
Country
Kazakhstan90 kt (est. 44%)United States42 kt (est. 20%)Libya22 kt (est. 11%)Guyana8.9 kt (est. 4%)Norway8.8 kt (est. 4%)Azerbaijan5.5 kt (est. 3%)United Kingdom4.7 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins14 kt (est. 7%)Austria: crude not from imports10 kt (5%)Smaller flows: no refinery0.6 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.3 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)Austria (own refineries)146 kt (71%)Germany56 kt (27%)Slovakia2.7 kt (1%)Czechia1.8 kt (<1%)Slovenia0.6 kt (<1%)Austria: petrol supply207 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Austria (own refineries)
- Germany
- Slovakia
- Czechia
- Slovenia
- Kazakhstan90 kt (est. 44%)
- United States42 kt (est. 20%)
- Libya22 kt (est. 11%)
- Guyana8.9 kt (est. 4%)
- Norway8.8 kt (est. 4%)
- Azerbaijan5.5 kt (est. 3%)
- United Kingdom4.7 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins14 kt (est. 7%)
- Austria: crude not from imports10 kt (5%)
- Smaller flows: no refinery0.6 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.3 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Crude behind this petrol, an estimate (Jul 2026)
4.7 thousand tonnes
est. 2% of Austria's petrol supply
less than 0.1 kt reported4.7 kt estimated
Inferred · medium
Last shipped from
- Germany4.7 kt (est. 100%)
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria (own refineries) | Austria: petrol supply | 146,273 | 70.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Austria: petrol supply | 55,857 | 26.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Austria: petrol supply | 2,717 | 1.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Austria: petrol supply | 1,841 | 0.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovenia | Austria: petrol supply | 583 | 0.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kazakhstan | Austria (own refineries) | 81,168 | 55.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Austria (own refineries) | 26,605 | 18.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria (own refineries) | 15,664 | 10.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 15,485 | 27.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Austria: crude not from imports | Austria (own refineries) | 10,259 | 7.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 8,862 | 15.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 8,569 | 15.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 6,563 | 11.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 5,920 | 10.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Austria (own refineries) | 5,391 | 3.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 4,724 | 8.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria (own refineries) | 4,477 | 3.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Germany | 3,464 | 6.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria (own refineries) | 2,707 | 1.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 2,281 | 83.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 2,244 | 4.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 592 | 32.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no refinery | Slovenia | 583 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia | 482 | 26.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 395 | 21.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Slovakia | 232 | 8.6% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Norway | Czechia | 212 | 11.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Slovakia | 204 | 7.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Czechia | 93 | 5.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Czechia | 67 | 3.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2026-07 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-07 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Austria’s supply of petrol in 2026-07, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2026-07 (latest month that can be drawn, the month its country page shows). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-05 to 2026-07.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Austria: crude not from imports (10,259 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: no refinery (583 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (258 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (67 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.