Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In February 2024, Austria's petrol supply was 186 kt: 70% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (23%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Kazakhstan (38%), Libya (14%) and Norway (7%), and 16% cannot be traced.
Country
Kazakhstan71 kt (est. 38%)Libya27 kt (est. 14%)Norway13 kt (est. 7%)United States11 kt (est. 6%)Azerbaijan6.9 kt (est. 4%)Saudi Arabia5.8 kt (est. 3%)Brazil4.2 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins18 kt (est. 10%)Austria: crude origin not reported16 kt (8%)Austria: crude not from imports7.4 kt (4%)Germany: crude origin not reported3.1 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports2.8 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.5 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: no refineryless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Austria (own refineries)130 kt (70%)Germany43 kt (23%)Romania8.8 kt (5%)Slovakia3.2 kt (2%)Czechia0.5 kt (<1%)Hungary0.3 kt (<1%)Slovenialess than 0.1 kt (<1%)Austria: petrol supply186 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Kazakhstan71 kt (est. 38%)
- Libya27 kt (est. 14%)
- Norway13 kt (est. 7%)
- United States11 kt (est. 6%)
- Azerbaijan6.9 kt (est. 4%)
- Saudi Arabia5.8 kt (est. 3%)
- Brazil4.2 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins18 kt (est. 10%)
- Austria: crude origin not reported16 kt (8%)
- Austria: crude not from imports7.4 kt (4%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported3.1 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports2.8 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.5 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: no refineryless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria (own refineries) | Austria: petrol supply | 130,030 | 69.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Austria: petrol supply | 43,060 | 23.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Romania | Austria: petrol supply | 8,829 | 4.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Austria: petrol supply | 3,203 | 1.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Austria: petrol supply | 472 | 0.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Austria: petrol supply | 304 | 0.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kazakhstan | Austria (own refineries) | 61,572 | 47.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria (own refineries) | 22,313 | 17.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Austria: crude origin not reported | Austria (own refineries) | 15,652 | 12.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United States | Germany | 9,661 | 22.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 9,491 | 22.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 9,100 | 21.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Austria: crude not from imports | Austria (own refineries) | 7,432 | 5.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria (own refineries) | 5,397 | 4.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria (own refineries) | 5,379 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 5,295 | 12.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria (own refineries) | 4,099 | 3.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Romania | 4,008 | 45.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's petrol to Austria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 3,524 | 8.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Austria (own refineries) | 3,431 | 2.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 3,203 | 100.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 3,147 | 7.3% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Norway | Austria (own refineries) | 3,127 | 2.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Romania | 1,842 | 20.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United States | Austria (own refineries) | 1,629 | 1.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 937 | 2.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Libya | Romania | 830 | 9.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's petrol to Austria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 808 | 1.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Germany | 730 | 1.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Romania | 681 | 7.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's petrol to Austria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Romania | 557 | 6.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's petrol to Austria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Romania | 476 | 5.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Romania | 435 | 4.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's petrol to Austria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 367 | 0.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 237 | 77.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Austria split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia | 210 | 44.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 163 | 34.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 94 | 19.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 51 | 16.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: no refinery | Slovenia | 29 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 16 | 5.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Austria split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Czechia | 6 | 1.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-02 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-02 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Austria’s supply of petrol in 2024-02, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2024-02 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2023-12 to 2024-02.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Austria: crude origin not reported (15,652 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Austria: crude not from imports (7,432 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Germany: crude origin not reported (3,147 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (2,836 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (476 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: no refinery (29 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.