Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In April 2024, Austria's petrol supply was 198 kt: 70% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (23%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Kazakhstan (48%), Libya (11%) and Saudi Arabia (8%), and 11% cannot be traced.
Country
Kazakhstan94 kt (est. 48%)Libya21 kt (est. 11%)Saudi Arabia16 kt (est. 8%)United States11 kt (est. 6%)Norway8.8 kt (est. 4%)Azerbaijan7.6 kt (est. 4%)United Kingdom4.5 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins14 kt (est. 7%)Austria: crude not from imports9.0 kt (5%)Germany: crude origin not reported4.5 kt (2%)Austria: crude origin not reported3.0 kt (2%)Romania: crude not from imports2.6 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.1 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.5 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: no refinery0.4 kt (<1%)Austria (own refineries)138 kt (70%)Germany46 kt (23%)Romania8.4 kt (4%)Slovakia4.7 kt (2%)Slovenia0.4 kt (<1%)Czechia0.4 kt (<1%)Hungaryless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Austria: petrol supply198 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Kazakhstan94 kt (est. 48%)
- Libya21 kt (est. 11%)
- Saudi Arabia16 kt (est. 8%)
- United States11 kt (est. 6%)
- Norway8.8 kt (est. 4%)
- Azerbaijan7.6 kt (est. 4%)
- United Kingdom4.5 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins14 kt (est. 7%)
- Austria: crude not from imports9.0 kt (5%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported4.5 kt (2%)
- Austria: crude origin not reported3.0 kt (2%)
- Romania: crude not from imports2.6 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.1 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.5 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: no refinery0.4 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria (own refineries) | Austria: petrol supply | 138,105 | 69.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Austria: petrol supply | 45,839 | 23.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Romania | Austria: petrol supply | 8,435 | 4.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Austria: petrol supply | 4,735 | 2.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovenia | Austria: petrol supply | 392 | 0.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Austria: petrol supply | 381 | 0.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kazakhstan | Austria (own refineries) | 84,517 | 61.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria (own refineries) | 17,748 | 12.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria (own refineries) | 14,634 | 10.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Austria: crude not from imports | Austria (own refineries) | 8,978 | 6.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United States | Germany | 8,500 | 18.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 8,427 | 18.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 7,530 | 16.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 6,595 | 14.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria (own refineries) | 5,272 | 3.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 4,526 | 95.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 4,512 | 9.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 4,337 | 9.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 3,582 | 7.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Austria: crude origin not reported | Austria (own refineries) | 2,977 | 2.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Kazakhstan | Romania | 2,870 | 34.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's petrol to Austria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Romania: crude not from imports | Romania | 2,647 | 31.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United States | Austria (own refineries) | 2,435 | 1.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria (own refineries) | 1,543 | 1.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Romania | 1,365 | 16.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's petrol to Austria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Romania | 1,142 | 13.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 1,103 | 2.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 762 | 1.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 490 | 1.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Romania | 410 | 4.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's petrol to Austria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no refinery | Slovenia | 392 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| United Kingdom | Slovakia | 209 | 4.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 160 | 42.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia | 157 | 41.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 64 | 16.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 11 | 75.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Austria split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 2 | 15.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 1 | 9.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Austria split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-04 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-04 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Austria’s supply of petrol in 2024-04, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2024-04 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-02 to 2024-04.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Austria: crude not from imports (8,978 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Germany: crude origin not reported (4,512 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Austria: crude origin not reported (2,977 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Romania: crude not from imports (2,647 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (1,142 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (492 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: no refinery (392 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.