Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In June 2024, Austria's road diesel supply was 524 kt: 44% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (43%), Slovenia (6%) and Italy (6%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Kazakhstan (28%), Libya (12%) and Norway (11%), and 15% cannot be traced.
Country
Kazakhstan148 kt (est. 28%)Libya61 kt (est. 12%)Norway58 kt (est. 11%)Saudi Arabia53 kt (est. 10%)United States41 kt (est. 8%)United Kingdom18 kt (est. 4%)Iraq17 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins47 kt (est. 9%)Slovenia: no refinery33 kt (6%)Austria: crude not from imports19 kt (4%)Germany: crude origin not reported18 kt (3%)Germany: crude not from imports5.4 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports3.8 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.9 kt (<1%)Austria (own refineries)228 kt (44%)Germany225 kt (43%)Slovenia33 kt (6%)Italy33 kt (6%)Slovakia2.0 kt (<1%)Czechia1.7 kt (<1%)Franceless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Austria: road diesel supply524 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Kazakhstan148 kt (est. 28%)
- Libya61 kt (est. 12%)
- Norway58 kt (est. 11%)
- Saudi Arabia53 kt (est. 10%)
- United States41 kt (est. 8%)
- United Kingdom18 kt (est. 4%)
- Iraq17 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins47 kt (est. 9%)
- Slovenia: no refinery33 kt (6%)
- Austria: crude not from imports19 kt (4%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported18 kt (3%)
- Germany: crude not from imports5.4 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports3.8 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.9 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria (own refineries) | Austria: road diesel supply | 228,103 | 43.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Austria: road diesel supply | 225,157 | 43.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovenia | Austria: road diesel supply | 33,495 | 6.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Italy | Austria: road diesel supply | 33,325 | 6.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Austria: road diesel supply | 1,980 | 0.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Austria: road diesel supply | 1,743 | 0.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kazakhstan | Austria (own refineries) | 110,899 | 48.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 45,756 | 20.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria (own refineries) | 42,555 | 18.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 39,166 | 17.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovenia: no refinery | Slovenia | 33,495 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Libya | Austria (own refineries) | 31,926 | 14.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 31,773 | 14.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 23,507 | 10.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 21,371 | 9.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Austria: crude not from imports | Austria (own refineries) | 18,680 | 8.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 18,186 | 8.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 17,876 | 7.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Iraq | Germany | 14,292 | 6.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria (own refineries) | 11,157 | 4.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Austria (own refineries) | 10,995 | 4.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Italy | 9,227 | 27.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 7,787 | 3.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Italy | 7,334 | 22.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude not from imports | Germany | 5,443 | 2.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 4,596 | 13.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Italy | 3,272 | 9.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Iraq | Italy | 3,171 | 9.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 2,869 | 8.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria (own refineries) | 1,890 | 0.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United States | Italy | 1,597 | 4.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 1,495 | 75.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia | 1,457 | 83.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Italy | 1,058 | 3.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Slovakia | 485 | 24.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 273 | 15.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Italy | 202 | 0.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Czechia | 13 | 0.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | France | 8 | 33.1% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Austria split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | France | 5 | 19.4% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Austria split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | France | 3 | 12.8% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Austria split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | France | 2 | 9.2% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Austria split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | France | 2 | 7.9% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Austria split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | France | 1 | 5.7% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Austria split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 1 | 4.0% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Austria split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | France | 1 | 3.3% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | France | 1 | 3.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United Kingdom | France | 0 | 1.3% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Austria split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-06 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-06 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Austria’s supply of road diesel in 2024-06, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2024-06 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-04 to 2024-06.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Slovenia: no refinery (33,495 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Austria: crude not from imports (18,680 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Germany: crude origin not reported (17,876 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Germany: crude not from imports (5,443 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (3,771 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (1,891 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.