Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In June 2024, Austria's petrol supply was 186 kt: 66% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (29%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Kazakhstan (38%), Saudi Arabia (13%) and Libya (12%), and 11% cannot be traced.
Country
Kazakhstan70 kt (est. 38%)Saudi Arabia25 kt (est. 13%)Libya23 kt (est. 12%)Norway17 kt (est. 9%)United States9.6 kt (est. 5%)Azerbaijan4.8 kt (est. 3%)United Kingdom4.4 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins12 kt (est. 7%)Austria: crude not from imports10 kt (5%)Germany: crude origin not reported4.3 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports3.4 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.8 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: no refinery0.2 kt (<1%)Austria (own refineries)123 kt (66%)Germany55 kt (29%)Romania5.7 kt (3%)Italy2.1 kt (1%)Czechia0.4 kt (<1%)Slovakia0.3 kt (<1%)Slovenia0.2 kt (<1%)Hungaryless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Austria: petrol supply186 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Kazakhstan70 kt (est. 38%)
- Saudi Arabia25 kt (est. 13%)
- Libya23 kt (est. 12%)
- Norway17 kt (est. 9%)
- United States9.6 kt (est. 5%)
- Azerbaijan4.8 kt (est. 3%)
- United Kingdom4.4 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins12 kt (est. 7%)
- Austria: crude not from imports10 kt (5%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported4.3 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports3.4 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.8 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: no refinery0.2 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria (own refineries) | Austria: petrol supply | 122,564 | 65.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Austria: petrol supply | 54,599 | 29.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Romania | Austria: petrol supply | 5,714 | 3.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Italy | Austria: petrol supply | 2,096 | 1.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Austria: petrol supply | 375 | 0.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Austria: petrol supply | 349 | 0.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovenia | Austria: petrol supply | 215 | 0.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kazakhstan | Austria (own refineries) | 59,588 | 48.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria (own refineries) | 22,866 | 18.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria (own refineries) | 17,154 | 14.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 11,095 | 20.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Austria: crude not from imports | Austria (own refineries) | 10,037 | 8.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United States | Germany | 9,498 | 17.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 8,299 | 15.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 7,705 | 14.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Austria (own refineries) | 5,908 | 4.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 5,182 | 9.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 4,410 | 8.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 4,335 | 7.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Austria (own refineries) | 3,041 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria (own refineries) | 2,954 | 2.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Romania | 2,270 | 39.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's petrol to Austria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 1,888 | 3.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Romania | 1,771 | 31.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 1,320 | 2.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria (own refineries) | 1,016 | 0.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 867 | 1.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Romania | 819 | 14.3% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Libya | Italy | 461 | 22.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Italy | 453 | 21.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Romania | 438 | 7.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's petrol to Austria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Italy | 326 | 15.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 289 | 13.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 253 | 72.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 226 | 60.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no refinery | Slovenia | 215 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Norway | Romania | 209 | 3.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's petrol to Austria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Romania | 207 | 3.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's petrol to Austria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Italy | 206 | 9.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 180 | 8.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Italy | 100 | 4.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia | 87 | 23.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Slovakia | 86 | 24.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Italy | 67 | 3.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 59 | 15.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Italy | 13 | 0.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Slovakia | 11 | 3.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 10 | 71.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Austria split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Czechia | 3 | 0.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 2 | 14.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Austria split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 2 | 13.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-06 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-06 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Austria’s supply of petrol in 2024-06, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2024-06 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-04 to 2024-06.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Austria: crude not from imports (10,037 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Germany: crude origin not reported (4,335 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (3,387 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (1,835 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: no refinery (215 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.