Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In July 2024, Austria's petrol supply was 217 kt: 69% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (29%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Kazakhstan (38%), Libya (15%) and Saudi Arabia (11%), and 7% cannot be traced.
Country
Kazakhstan82 kt (est. 38%)Libya33 kt (est. 15%)Saudi Arabia23 kt (est. 11%)Norway19 kt (est. 9%)Iraq10 kt (est. 5%)United States10 kt (est. 5%)Azerbaijan7.1 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins18 kt (est. 8%)Austria: crude not from imports6.1 kt (3%)Germany: crude origin not reported4.2 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports2.0 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.4 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: no refinery0.6 kt (<1%)Austria (own refineries)149 kt (69%)Germany62 kt (29%)Italy2.4 kt (1%)Romania2.0 kt (<1%)Slovenia0.6 kt (<1%)Czechia0.5 kt (<1%)Slovakia0.4 kt (<1%)Hungaryless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Austria: petrol supply217 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Kazakhstan82 kt (est. 38%)
- Libya33 kt (est. 15%)
- Saudi Arabia23 kt (est. 11%)
- Norway19 kt (est. 9%)
- Iraq10 kt (est. 5%)
- United States10 kt (est. 5%)
- Azerbaijan7.1 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins18 kt (est. 8%)
- Austria: crude not from imports6.1 kt (3%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported4.2 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports2.0 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.4 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: no refinery0.6 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria (own refineries) | Austria: petrol supply | 148,904 | 68.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Austria: petrol supply | 61,721 | 28.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Italy | Austria: petrol supply | 2,413 | 1.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Romania | Austria: petrol supply | 2,008 | 0.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovenia | Austria: petrol supply | 633 | 0.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Austria: petrol supply | 450 | 0.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Austria: petrol supply | 380 | 0.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kazakhstan | Austria (own refineries) | 73,012 | 49.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria (own refineries) | 25,222 | 16.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria (own refineries) | 20,652 | 13.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 12,001 | 19.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 11,947 | 19.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 10,025 | 16.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 7,483 | 12.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 7,039 | 11.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Austria (own refineries) | 6,779 | 4.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Austria (own refineries) | 6,377 | 4.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Austria: crude not from imports | Austria (own refineries) | 6,106 | 4.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Austria (own refineries) | 4,805 | 3.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria (own refineries) | 4,786 | 3.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 4,233 | 6.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Iraq | Germany | 3,689 | 6.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 2,574 | 4.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 1,567 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria (own refineries) | 1,165 | 0.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 1,162 | 1.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Romania | 881 | 43.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's petrol to Austria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no refinery | Slovenia | 633 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Libya | Italy | 547 | 22.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Romania | 540 | 26.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Italy | 430 | 17.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Italy | 351 | 14.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 308 | 12.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 281 | 74.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Romania | 229 | 11.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United States | Italy | 199 | 8.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Italy | 197 | 8.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 194 | 43.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Italy | 191 | 7.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia | 159 | 35.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 159 | 6.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Romania | 127 | 6.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's petrol to Austria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Romania | 119 | 5.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's petrol to Austria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Slovakia | 77 | 20.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Romania | 70 | 3.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's petrol to Austria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 62 | 13.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Romania | 41 | 2.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's petrol to Austria split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Italy | 31 | 1.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's petrol to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Slovakia | 22 | 5.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Austria split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia | 22 | 4.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Czechia | 12 | 2.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 5 | 72.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Austria split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 1 | 13.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Austria split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 1 | 13.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-07 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-07 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Austria’s supply of petrol in 2024-07, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2024-07 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-05 to 2024-07.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Austria: crude not from imports (6,106 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Germany: crude origin not reported (4,233 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (1,971 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (1,407 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: no refinery (633 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.